Background: Several studies in interlanguage pragmatics have reported Russian directive speech acts to take a particular position within the dimensions of linguistic politeness and (in)directness, when compared some Germanic Romance languages extensively studied this framework.Purpose study: The present paper aimed investigate role language specific cues requests by examining their perception n...

This study investigates the development of morphology in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa. A quasi-longitudinal research design is used to trace development in the oral interlanguage of six learners of Xhosa for a period of eight months. The elicitation tasks employed range from fairly unstructured conversation tasks to highly structured sentence-manipulation tasks. The learners h...

An important strand of inquiry in second language acquisition (SLA) research is that devoted to the investigation of language learners’ successive approximations of the target language, referred to as interlanguage (IL) in the SLA literature. Similarly to the practice in other kinds of linguistic investigation, SLA researchers are concerned with empirical description of various kinds of interla...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of breadth of knowledge lexical features in non-native speakers' (NNS) input and output. Our primary interest is analyzing potential breadth of knowledge lexical differences in the output of NNSs when engaged in interlanguage talk (NNS-NNS) and when engaged in naturalistic speech with a native speaker (NS). We are also interested in input diff...

When looking at the original data analysis, we see a variety of approaches used to examine the discourse data of focus. The analysis is rich and includes a wide array of features. Conversely, the three single perspective analyses conducted for this Forum each drew upon different linguistic details to support their conclusions with different insights. It is important to consider how different ap...

This study is to examine if typological universals built upon primary languages are applicable to interlanguage data in SLA. Implicational universal is considered the classic example of a typological universal by Croft (2003). Thus, the Interlanguage Structural Conformity Hypothesis, which consists of two implicational universals proposed by Eckman (1991), were tested against data from an inter...

The present investigation was designed to study the production and comprehension of specific means for information highlighted by advanced Iranian learners of English as a Foreign Language. The study focused on the discourse-pragmatically motivated variations of the basic word order such as inversion, pre-posing, it- and Wh-clefts. After taking the Nelson test, a homogeneous group was settled. ...

Testing pragmatic competence has always posed daunting challenges to researchers and practitioners. As a step to address the gap in pragmatic testing, this paper delineates the procedural stages of developing and validating a context-sensitive Multiple Choice Discourse Completion Test (MDCT). Following a unitary view of validity, tenable argument and empirical evidence was accumulated to suppor...

Second or foreign language (L2) learners’ development of interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) competence to understand and properly interpret utterances under certain social and cultural circumstances plays a pivotal role in the achievement of communicative competence. The current study was designed to explore the effects of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) and asynchronous com...

Interlanguage refers to the knowledge system which is formed in a certain period learners’ second language learning process. The study on interlanguage of great significance field acquisition. This paper elaborates definition and characteristics interlanguage, analyzes five main factors contributing formation interlanguage.The first factor transfer, especially negative transfer; transfer traini...