TH2 clones may produce very variable amounts of IL-4. Among six TH2 clones prepared from homozygous or heterozygous mice in which Gfp replaced the first exon of Il4, a range of patterns of CpG methylation in the Il4/Il13 locus was observed correlating with the degree of expression of IL-4 or green fluorescence protein. Patterns of histone acetylation also showed differences between "high" and "...

T cells that express a constitutively activated form of the integrin LFA-1 (bottom) have restricted mobility compared to those expressing wild-type LFA-1 (top). show that immune cells expressing a perpetually activated form of the integrin LFA-1 get traction at the front of the cell, but get stuck from behind. Their lagging ends prevent them from crawling through the endothelium and initiating ...

AIM: to study the cytokine link of immunity in patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and possibility using these data predict risk lung tissue damage.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed were divided into 4 groups depending on severity disease: 1 asymptomatic patients; 2 damage amount 25%; 3 50%; 75% (according results computed tomography). Immunological studies performed...

It has been proposed that the development of lung fibrosis is associated with a T helper type 2 response, mainly characterized by IL-4 and IL-13 production. We investigated the potential role of type 2 immune polarization in the silicotic process and examined the pulmonary response to silica particles in mice genetically deficient for IL-4. We found that IL-4(-/-) mice were not protected agains...

The pathogenesis of asthma reflects, in part, the activity of T cell cytokines. Murine models support participation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the IL-4 receptor in asthma. Selective neutralization of IL-13, a cytokine related to IL-4 that also binds to the alpha chain of the IL-4 receptor, ameliorated the asthma phenotype, including airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil recruitment, and mucus...