background and objective: preterm birth occurs in 8% to 11% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 75% to 80% of all neonatal deaths. cytokines may be involved in the etiology of preterm birth through their stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. cytokines may be released intocervicovaginal fluid during the breakdown of the chorio-decidual adhesion or from an inflammatory reaction in the sam...

Aims: Pigmentation disorders are one of the main skin problems due to mustard gas exposure in chemically-injured veterans. The aim of this study as part of the Sardasht cohort study was to investigate the association between IL-6 and IL-4 and pigment disorders in chemically-injured veterans exposed to mustard gas. Materials & Methods: In this study, 500 subjects including 372 people expose...

Previous studies comparing interleukin 4 receptor α (IL-4Rα)(-/-) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)(-/-) BALB/c mice have indicated that interleukin 13 (IL-13), whose receptor shares the IL-4Rα subunit with IL-4, plays a protective role during visceral leishmaniasis. We demonstrate that IL-13(-/-) BALB/c mice were less able to control hepatic growth of Leishmania donovani compared with wild-type mice. T...