In expert systems, hierarchical reasoning can provide better accuracy and understandability. Here, we develop a method of learning hierarchical knowledge from a case library, in which each training instance is described by low level features and high level concepts (e.g., manifestations and diseases) but not by intermediate concepts (e.g., disease states). Learning intermediate knowledge involv...

Vulnerability detection on source code can prevent the risk of cyber-attacks as early possible. However, lacking fine-grained analysis has rendered existing solutions still suffering from low performance; besides, explosive growth open-source projects dramatically increased complexity and diversity code. This paper presents HGVul, a vulnerability method based heterogeneous intermediate represen...