Optimal design of irrigation channels has an important role in planning and management of irrigation projects. The input parameters used in design of irrigation channels are prone to uncertainty and may result in failure of channels. To improve the overall reliability and cost effectiveness, optimal design of composite channels is performed as a chance constrained problem in this study. The mod...

Tophaceous gout complicated by septic arthritis presents a management dilemma which can often require multiple surgical debridements. There is little published in the literature regarding treatment of these concomitant conditions. We postulate that biofilm may play a role increasing the difficulty of sterilising a tophaceous joint. The use of topical negative pressure therapy that targets biofi...

DOI: 10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000228 academic medical center routinely ensures that all clinicians are following best practices for maintaining urinary catheters. Inpatient and procedure areas at the organization have CAUTI prevention champions who receive routine education on CAUTI prevention and are accountable for spreading change in the areas in which they practice. Anecdotal evidence collecte...

Microbial biomass C, soil respiration and CH4 emissions were measured during the whole rice growth period in rice paddies in black earth. The results showed microbial biomass C and soil respiration were depressed significantly by application of slow-releasing urea at the early stage of rice growth period (P<0.05), but were almost not affected by intermittent irrigation . CH4 emission, on the av...

high efficiency and uniformity of water and fertilizer application are usually, considered as the ultimate goals of an appropriate design and management of irrigation and fertigation systems. the objective followed in this paper was to present a simulation-optimization model for alternate vs. conventional furrow fertigation. two simulation models (surface fertigation and swms-2d models) along w...

the shortage of fresh water and growing competition for clear water makes less water available for agriculture production. the great chalange for the coming decades will be the task of increasing food  production with less water, particularly in countries  with limited water and land resources. therefore, increasing of irrigation efficienciy and decreasing of water losses are important factores...

semiarid regions with their exceptional weather conditions, low precipitation, and high evapotranspiration pose a great challenge to water resources managers. one possible way to face this challenge is the conjunctive use of both surface water and groundwater resources in these regions. this paper proposes a conjunctive use model which has been implemented in najafabad plain in central iran. th...

Rice production in sub-Saharan Africa has more than doubled in the last 3 decades and the potential to further develop rice-harvested areas is considerable. Several studies have demonstrated that the transformation of arable land into rice irrigation might create suitable habitats for large populations of disease vectors. Prominent among those are anopheline mosquitoes responsible for transmiss...

Optimization by simulation of agricultural practices can help to improve irrigation water use efficiency. This work introduces an efficient hierarchical decomposition method to design irrigation management strategies that is modelled as a continuous stochastic problem. Various combinations of selection (greedy, Pareto-based), division (middle, pivot, maximization) and evaluation techniques (glo...

We propose a Decision Support System (DSS) for optimal cropping patterns and irrigation water management. The development of the DSS has three objectives. The first is to use mathematical models in order to optimize cropping decisions and irrigation policies under shortage of water in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The second is to help growers exploit optimally their lands in places suffering fr...