During hatching, there is a maturation of the mechanisms controlling the respiratory physiology involved in endotherm in precocial avian species. Here we examined the timing of the development of an endothermic response of oxygen uptake (MO2) to an alteration of ambient temperature (T(a)) in a model precocial species, the preterm and hatching emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Late stage pre-pippe...

We prove that every internally 4-connected non-planar bipartite graph has an odd K3,3 subdivision; that is, a subgraph obtained from K3,3 by replacing its edges by internally disjoint odd paths with the same ends. The proof gives rise to a polynomial-time algorithm to find such a subdivision. (A bipartite graph G is internally 4-connected if it is 3-connected, has at least five vertices, and th...

Notions of externally and internally positive singular discrete-time linear systems are introduced. It is shown that a singular discrete-time linear system is externally positive if and only if its impulse response matrix is non-negative. Sufficient conditions are established under which a single-output singular discrete-time system with matrices in canonical forms is internally positive. It is...

In order to facilitate the identification and deployment of internally referenced kinetic rate laws in SBML models, a comparison is being made between Gepasi/Copasi@ approaches, and along with the discussion of the limitations of present annotation and identification schemes, an implemented Java tool based on SBMLeditor is presented which uses an approximating identification algorithm and provi...

We consider convection in an internally heated (IH) layer of fluid that is bounded below by a perfect insulator and above by a poor conductor. The poorly conducting boundary is modelled by a fixed heat flux. Using solely analytical methods, we find linear and energy stability thresholds for the static state, and we construct a lower bound on the mean temperature that applies to all flows. The l...

A method has been developed which allows a length of electrically excitable squid axon to be internally dialyzed against a continuously flowing solution of defined composition. Tests showed that diffusional exchange of small molecules in the axoplasm surrounding the dialysis tube occurred with a half-time of 2-5 min, and that protein does not cross the wall of the dialysis tube. The composition...

Let M and N be internally 4-connected binary matroids such that M has a proper N -minor, and |E(N)| ≥ 7. As part of our project to develop a splitter theorem for internally 4-connected binary matroids, we prove the following result: if M\e has no N -minor whenever e is in a triangle of M , and M/e has no N -minor whenever e is in a triad of M , then M has a minor, M ′, such that M ′ is internal...

Internal cognition like imagination and prospection require sustained internally directed attention and involve self-generated thought. This fMRI study aimed to disentangle the brain mechanisms associated with attention-specific and task-specific processes during internally directed cognition. The direction of attention was manipulated by either keeping a relevant stimulus visible throughout th...

BACKGROUND Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a common endocrine disorder with incompletely understood etiology, characterized by enlarged hyperactive parathyroid glands and increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium. We have recently reported activation of the Wnt signaling pathway by accumulation of beta-catenin in all analyzed parathyroid tumors from patients with pr...