A biconnected plane graph G is called internally triconnected if any cut-pair consists of outer vertices and its removal results in only components each of which contains at least one outer vertex. In a rooted plane graph, an edge is designated as an outer edge with a specified direction. For given positive integers n ≥ 1 and g ≥ 3, let G3(n, g) (resp., Gint(n, g)) denote the class of all trico...

      As host to some of the world’s biggest emergencies and protracted crises, the Eastern Mediterranean Region carries the largest burden of displaced populations globally. Out of 58 million displaced persons worldwide, almost 30 million (52%) come from the Region. Syria is currently the world’s biggest producer of refugees and internally displaced persons, with more than 40% of the populatio...