Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (StEC) cause hemorrhagic colitis (hC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (hUS) in humans. Outbreaks are linked to bovine food sources. While StEC O157:h7 has been responsible for the most severe outbreaks worldwide, non-O157 serotypes have emerged as important enteric pathogens in several countries. the main virulence factor of StEC is the production of Shiga t...

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli is a new causal agent of diarrhea in calves. Its major virulence factors are the intimin protein, encoded by the eaeA gene, and the Shiga-like toxins, encoded by slt genes. Because the sequences of these genes are available, we selected specific primers to amplify each virulence gene so as to develop a new identification test based on multiplex amplificat...

background: enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 is an infectious zoonotic pathogen causing human infections. these infections, in some cases, can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome and its life-threatening complications and even death worldwide. the first intimate bacterial adhesion, intimin (i), with its own receptor translocated intimin receptor (tir) and e. coli secreted protein...

The gastrointestinal pathogens enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC) continue to pose a threat to human health worldwide. While EPEC remains a significant cause of diarrhea in low-income countries, EHEC is more common as a food or water-borne pathogen in industrialized countries. A major difference between EPEC and EHEC is that EPEC has only a human reservoir of infecti...

The recognition of PAMPs by TLRs initiates the induction of inflammatory responses in the host cells through activation of signal transduction pathways mediated by transcription factor (nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB). Considering TLRs expressed in human cells TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR6 are positioned near trans-membrane domains and are vital to the defense response of cells against external pa...