in this paper, the mean value of strain energy density criterion has been used to predict the critical fracture load in specimens with u-shaped notch under bending loads. an equation for calculation of averaged strain energy density in this zone has been presented. bending loads under mode i have been considered. two cases have been studied: 1) the control volume only includes the semicircular ...

Adipose fins are enigmatic appendages found between the dorsal and caudal fins of some teleostean fishes. Long thought to be vestigial, degenerate second dorsal fins, remnants of the primitive gnathostome condition, adipose fins have since been recognized as novel morphologies. Unique among the fins of extant fishes, adipose fins have uniformly been described as passive structures, with no asso...

In the zebrafish, Danio rerio, a caudal and pectoral fin fold develop during embryogenesis. At larval stages the caudal fin fold is replaced by four different fins, the unpaired anal, dorsal and tail fins. In addition the paired pelvic fins are formed. We have identified a total of 118 mutations affecting larval fin formation. Mutations in 11 genes lead to abnormal morphology or degeneration of...

Abstract In order to study the formation and penetration performance of reactive liner, in this paper, a Ta-Zr alloy is used as liner material, large cone angle spherical arc-cone are simulated analyzed by using AUTODYN software. The following conclusions obtained: (1) EFP formed has good flight stability, followed arc liner; (2) length diameter ratio shaped charge larger than that (3) depth la...

Controlled postdevelopment heat treatment of the photoresist polymer used in the preparation of holographic gratings has been shown to enhance the diffraction efficiency of gratings and reduce the scattering losses. We prove this effect by analyzing the resonant reflection spectra of a waveguide grating and observing the reduction in the arc-shaped light scattering associated with the excitatio...

This special volume of Security Challenges contains contributions from leading experts and Pacific scholars that reflect on progress and prospects in the “Pacific arc”. This Introduction begins by identifying common themes that emerge from the contributions regarding the way in which Australia relates to the arc, and how the arc responds to Australia. It then summarises the contributors’ conclu...