The patent system has been able to provide the protection for the achievements of different technologies and in that way it has supported further development and growth of the industry where those achievements were implemented. Modern technologies like information technology and biotechnology with genetic engineering that appeared in the 70s have overgrown the frames of the existing patent syst...

The soft keyboards are onscreen representation of physical keyboard having alphanumeric characters and other controls. The user operates the soft keyboard with the mouse, a stylus or other pointing device. The soft keys dont have any mechanical component. The soft keyboards are used in many public places for informational purpose, educational systems and financial transactional systems. A soft ...

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) should not follow the recent decision of the European Union to invalidate patents pertaining to human cloning technology. First, human cloning inventions are clearly patentable in the United States; not only do these inventions meet the statutory requirements of proper subject matter and utility, but they are also not precluded from satisf...

This paper compares the geographic “reach” of knowledge flows from university inventions through two important channels: market contracts (licenses) and non–market “spillovers” exemplified by patent citations. We find that knowledge flows through market transactions to be more geographically localized than those operating through non–market spillovers. Moreover, the differential effects of dist...

In this article we identify what influences the human negotiating process. These influencing concepts can be categorized into sociological concepts, environmental concepts and human inventions. We compared the concepts that were found in the human domain with the negotiating process in multi-agent systems. It was found that many environmental concepts and most human inventions are modelled by m...

The patent system has evolved over many centuries and is considered, by and large, to have successfully promoted innovation. Patents help to stimulate investment in research and development through the provision of a limited monopoly to the inventor, while ensuring full disclosure of the invention to the public. One of the reasons for the long-lasting success of the patent system is its nondisc...

I develop a growth model in which R&D resources can be directed either to the discovery of new technologies (inventions) or to the improvement of the quality of machines without altering their underlying technology (innovations). Learning-by-doing is an important determinant of the relative share of resources allocated to inventive versus innovative activity. The dynamics generate endogenous ec...

Aesthetics or " look and feel " is one of the most important features of any graphical user interface. Better aesthetics makes the interface user-friendlier and more popular. Better aesthetics helps the user to understand the meaning of various components and memorize the navigation paths. A better look and feel ultimately makes a GUI more efficient and effective. Various methods are adopted to...