Ligand substitution reactions are ubiquitous in transition-metal chemistry and catalysis. Investigation of ligand substitution reactions for a series of electron-rich palladium(0)-olefin complexes, (bathocuproine)Pd(nitrostyrene) reveals an unprecedented mechanism in which the metal serves as the nucleophilic partner in an "associative" substitution pathway.

Characterization and evaluation of a biological submerged filter was carried out on a full-scale pilot plant performing removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) from pre-treated urban wastewater. The average influent values of BOD5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN were 370, 1,015 and 60 mg/L, respectively. The pilot plant produced good discharge quality during stea...

The current non-linear programming method does not derive regional economic surpluses and may derive an imprecise maximized value of the total economic surplus. The main reason is that the integrals for supply functions will automatically take regional non-economic producer surpluses into account if any intercepts of supply functions is negative. Consequently, the derived values are always lowe...

Consideration is given to a discretetime queueing system with inverse discipline, service interruption and resumption, second-order geometrical demand arrival, arbitrary (discrete) distribution of demand length and finite storage. Each demand entering the queue has random volume besides its length. The total volume of the demands in the queue is limited by a certain number. Formulae for the sta...

We characterise the subgame perfect equilibrium of a di¤erential market game with hyperbolic inverse demand where …rms are quantity-setters and accumulate capacity over time à la Ramsey. The related Hamilton-JacobiBellman are solved in closed form both on in…nite and on …nite horizon setups and the optimal strategies are determined. Then, we analyse the feasibility of horizontal mergers in both...

A traffic simulation and assignment model is used to compute the social costs of congestion in five English towns, together with potential road charges. The social costs of congestion are measured by the deadweight loss and computed as the area between the marginal social cost and inverse demand curves between the actual and efficient levels of traffic. Potential road charges are computed as th...