Continuous observations of a flare productive active region 10930 were successfully carried out with the Solar Optical Telescope onboard the Hinode spacecraft during 2007 December 6 to 19. We focus on the evolution of photospheric magnetic fields in this active region, and magnetic field properties at the site of the X3.4 class flare, using a time series of vector field maps with high spatial r...

Current imaging technique such as micro X-ray CT can provide us detailed 3D micro-structures of porous rocks that can be used in numerical simulation so as to predict elastic properties of rocks saturated with different fluids. However, limited by the resolution the imaging process can provide, we usually lose the small features of rocks such as cracks and micro-pores, consequences of which can...

The structures of all 1127 three-periodic extended metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) reported in the Cambridge Structure Database have been analyzed, and their underlying topology has been determined. It is remarkable that among the almost infinite number of net topologies that are available for MOFs to adopt, only a handful of nets are actually observed. The discovery of this inversion between e...

Anticausal or time-reversed inversion of digital filters has gained importance in recent years in the implementation of digital filter banks. Anticausal inversion has, in the past, been shown to be possible by using block processing with appropriate state initialization. With (A, B , C , D) denoting the state space description of a structure implementing a filter G(z), the anticausal inverse ca...

Gray matter (GM) images with high spatial resolution are obtained at 1.5T with a new multislab 3D double inversion recovery sequence that selectively suppresses cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white matter (WM). Images show a clear delineation of GM from WM and CSF, also for small GM structures such as the entorhinal cortex, of importance in Alzheimer's disease. Feasibility is demonstrated for th...

Piezoelectricity allows precise and robust conversion between electricity and mechanical force, and arises from the broken inversion symmetry in the atomic structure. Reducing the dimensionality of bulk materials has been suggested to enhance piezoelectricity. However, when the thickness of a material approaches a single molecular layer, the large surface energy can cause piezoelectric structur...