Salts of low melting points, usually called ionic liquids (ILs), have been studied extensively during the last decade [1 – 3]. These liquid salts may serve as solvents for chemical reactions as well as electrolytes in electrochemical devices. The first extensively studied IL was 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrachloroaluminate ([EMIm][AlCl4]). However such ionic liquids containing AlCl4− are e...

A number of ionic liquids have been shown to be excellent solvents for lignocellulosic biomass processing, and some of these are particularly effective in the production of the versatile chemical building block 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In this study, the production of HMF from the simple sugar glucose in ionic liquid media is discussed. Several aspects of the selective catalytic formation...

Energetic materials (explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics) are used extensively for both civilian and military applications and the development of such materials, particularly in the case of energetic salts, is subject to continuous research efforts all over the world. This Review concerns recent advances in the syntheses, properties, and potential applications of ionic salts based on tetr...

Many low oxidation state transition metal (carbonyl) clusters are salts and are highly soluble in ionic liquids. Since many are also effective catalysts/precatalysts for hydrogenation reactions, we have conducted a catalytic study of these compounds in ionic liquids and found that the activity of certain clusters to hydrogenate alkene substrates, when immobilised in ionic liquids, is up to 3.6-...

Halogenated and alkoxylated closo-dodecaborates [B12X11OR](2-) (X = Cl, Br; R = propyl, octyl, dodecyl) have been synthesized by halogenation of the known [B12H11OH](2-) anion followed by alkylation in the superbasic medium DMSO/KOH. The obtained sodium salts were transformed by simple metathesis reactions in aqueous solution to the tetrabutylammonium ([NBu4](+)) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium...

A series of sulfonium halides bearing allyl groups have been prepared and characterized. Anion metathesis with Li[Tf2N] and Ag[N(CN)2] resulted in sulfonium-based ionic liquids which exhibit low viscosities at room temperature. The solid state structure of one of the halide salts was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

abstracta pot study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobia (pgpr) on canola growth and ionic composition under salt stress conditions, was conducted as factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. salinity in four levels of 0, 3, 6 &9 ds/m were evaluated with mixture of salts nacl & mgcl2. canola seeds were inoculated with sele...

Herein we propose an alternative way to distinguish ionic liquids from Coulombic-dominated salts, based not on their upper limit melting temperature (100 °C), but on the trend of their phase-forming abilities to create aqueous biphasic systems as a function of temperature, in which a wider plethora of interactions can be appraised.