The thermodynamic equilibria of nickel(II) with N,N'-di(aminoethylene)-2,6-pyridinedicarbonylamine (L1), Bis-(N,N-dimethylethyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide (L2), and N,N'-bis[2(2-pyridyl)-methyl]pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (L3) have been studied at 25°C and an ionic strength of 0.15 mol dm(-3) by glass electrode potentiometry. The protonation and formation constants added to blood plasma model pr...

In this paper we propose a nonlinear elasticity model of macromolecular conformational change (deformation) induced by electrostatic forces generated by an implicit solvation model. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electrostatic potential is analyzed in a domain varying with the elastic deformation of molecules, and a new continuous model of the electrostatic forces is developed to ensure...

Studies of conformational changes of tRNA de­ pending on the ionic strength of the solution and the nature of the counter ions have become a subject of interest because of the probable role of its different conformational states for the functioning of the tRNA molecule in protein biosynthesis [1]. Results in this field obtained recently e.g. by pulsed nano­ second fluorometry [2] and laser ligh...

After discussing the features of a differential ISFET/REFET measuring concept, the published attempts to construct a proper REFET are summarized. It is concluded that the present REFETs are based upon the addition of a blocking polymeric layer to the gate surface of an ISFET, but that this approach fails with respect to the required insensitivity to ionic strength variations as well as with res...

The reversíbilíty of the adsorption of phosphate on goethite was measured by dlluting suspensions of goethite on which phosphate was adsorbed with large volumes oí phosphate-frce solution at the same ioníe strength. The effect on the reversibility of various adsorptíon and desorption conditions was studied, particularly pH, temperature, ionic strength and time of reaction. The apparent irrevers...

Pretreatment is very important for the efficient production of value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. However, traditional pretreatment methods have several disadvantages, including low efficiency and high pollution. This article gives an overview on the applications of ionic liquids (ILs) and IL-based solvent systems in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. It is divided int...

A thermodynamic model is presented to calculate the oxygen solubility in pure water (273–600 K, 0–200 bar) and natural brines containing Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl , SO4 2 , over a wide range of temperature, pressure and ionic strength with or close to experimental accuracy. This model is based on an accurate equation of state to calculate vapor phase chemical potential and a specific particle interacti...

The title reaction was investigated in aqueous alkaline medium. A first dependence in Bi (V)) concentration and a order in both Vanillin and alkali were obtained at the concentration studied. The effect of added products and the ionic strength of the reaction medium have no significant effect on the reaction rate. Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction has also been studied and Eyring’s ...

Some of the most active scientific research fronts of the past decade are centered on ionic liquids. These fluids present characteristic surface behavior and distinctive trends of their surface tension versus temperature. One way to explore and understand their unique nature is to study their surface properties. This critical review analyses most of the surface tension data reported between 200...

Silicon nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) have emerged as ultrasensitive, label-free biodetectors that operate by sensing bound surface charge. However, the ionic strength of the environment (i.e., the Debye length of the solution) dictates the effective magnitude of the surface charge. Here, we show that control of the Debye length determines the spatial extent of sensed bound surface c...