BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to estimate the average diagnosis and treatment costs of chronic hepatitis B and C, with respect to different therapeutic strategies in Iran. METHODS This is a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study carried out on patients with hepatitis B and C, who were referred to the Liver Disease Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatit...

In this research, we examined the experiences of individuals living with obesity, the perceptions of health care providers, and the role of social, institutional, and political structures in the management of obesity. We used feminist poststructuralism as the guiding methodology because it questions everyday practices that many of us take for granted. We identified three key themes across the t...

Do political tensions harm economic relations? Theories claim that trade prevents war and political relations motivate trade, but less is known about whether smaller shifts in political relations impact economic exchange. Looking at two major economies, we show that negative events have not hurt U.S. or Japanese trade or investment flows. We then examine specific incidents of tensions in U.S.-F...

Experiments by one of us (1) have shown that methemoglobinemia exerts a protective effect in dogs against poisoning due to inhalation of HCN and CNCl. The possibility of applying these findings in man raised the question as to the extent to which methemoglobinemia would impair various physiological functions. Several groups of investigators (2 to 4) have found that a rise in the threshold of th...

A theory, based on a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation, is presented that allows us to calculate the excess interfacial tension of an electrolyte-oil interface accurately. The chaotropic (structure-breaking) ions are found to adsorb to the water-oil interface as the result of large polarizability, weak hydration, and hydrophobic and dispersion interactions. However, kosmotropic (structure-mak...

Mental health is considered as an integral and essential Background: component of overall health. Its determinants and related factors are one of the most important research priorities, especially in adolescents and young people. Using a qualitative approach, the present study aimed to identify factors affecting the mental health of youth in Iran. In 2017, following content analysis principles,...

Effect of stretching and bending on the measured tension The method proposed in this study measures the displacement of individual SFs by applying an external force perpendicular to the fiber axis. Although the method enables us to measure tensions, it also generates other undesired forces in the SFs due to phenomena such as stretching and bending. Here, we estimate the stretching and bending f...

Background: Mental health is considered as an integral and essential component of overall health. Its determinants and related factors are one of the most important research priorities, especially in adolescents and young people. Using a qualitative approach, the present study aimed to identify factors affecting the mental health of youth in Iran. Methods: In 2017, following content analysis pr...