After the drainage of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs), residual isolated deep-seated hematomas (IDHs) may recur. We introduce intraoperative ultrasonography to detect and remove such IDHs. Intraoperative ultrasonography is performed with fine transducers introduced via burr holes. Images obtained before dural opening show the CSDHs, hyper- and/or hypoechoic content, and mono- or multilayers....

Contamination of drainage channels and creeks with pesticides used in agriculture is of major concern in south eastern Australia. In this study the stream pesticide model RIVWQ version 2.02 was assessed for its applicability to simulate pesticide fate in drainage channels. The model was successfully calibrated against field data collected on flows and pesticide concentrations for a drainage cha...

abstract among different water usage in iran, agricultural sector with 94 percent is the largest water user. considering the share of agriculture in water usage, farmers are the main factor in water resources management. therefore, optimal utilization of irrigation and drainage networks would depend on farmers’ effective role. due to the limited water resources in different country regions, inc...

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is relatively rare inflammatory lesion with high mortality unless an appropriate surgical treatment is undertaken. Recently we successfully treated two surgical cases of DNM. In both cases, the disease started with pharyngeal abscess, and the mediastinal swelling followed. The surgery consisted with neck drainage and the mediastinal drainage through th...

OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors in 60 cases of mediastinitis amongst 2512 patients (2.3%) subjected to isolated coronary bypass surgery from March 1988 through December 1995, treated by a closed irrigation/drainage system. PATIENTS AND METHODS The mean age of the 60 patients was 56.9 +/- 6.8 years (45-81 years) and 55 (91.6%) were male. Early mediastinal reexploration was performed in all...

BACKGROUND The empyema space is refractory to elimination of bacterial colonization. Electrolyzed saline (ES) was used as intra-pleural irrigation for rapid disinfection of the empyema space. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty consecutive patients with para-pneumonic empyema were reviewed in this study from 2007 to 2015. The empyema space was irrigated by miniaturized thoracoscopic surgery (mini VAT...

Mass balance analysis and water quality model development for paddy field were performed using field experimental data during 2001-2002. About half (47-62%) of the total outflow was lost by surface drainage, with the remainder (490-530 mm) occurring by evapotranspiration. Most of nutrient inflow and outflow were mediated by fertilization and plant uptake, respectively. Nutrient outflow by surfa...

Multi-objective optimization was used to calibrate a regional surface water-groundwater model of the Yaqui Valley, a 6800 km2 irrigated agricultural region located along the Sea of Cortez in Sonora, Mexico. The model simulates three-dimensional groundwater flow coupled to onedimensional surface water flow in the irrigation canals. It accounts for the spatial distribution of annual recharge from...

Agricultural chemical transport to surface water and the linkage to other hydrological compartments, principally ground water, was investigated at five watersheds in semiarid to humid climatic settings. Chemical transport was affected by storm water runoff, soil drainage, irrigation, and how streams were linked to shallow ground water systems. Irrigation practices and timing of chemical use gre...