When analysts are faced with the decision of selecting either mid-IR (MIR) or near-IR (NIR) spectroscopy for materials characterization, the decision is usually based on the analytical, sampling, and/ or operational needs. For example, when the greatest analytical specificity is required or certain inorganic materials need to be measured, the choice favors MIR; whereas the need to keep an unsta...

Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are small, lipid-soluble gaseous autacoids that modulate numerous physiological processes. Historically, both gases were considered highly noxious environmental hazards having well-defined modes of toxicity: CO binds avidly to hemoglobin reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the protein leading to tissue hypoxia while H2S is a potent mitochondr...

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an intrinsic phenomenon whereby 3~4 consecutive ischemia-reperfusion cycles to a remote tissue (noncardiac) increases the tolerance of the myocardium to sustained ischemiareperfusion induced injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning induces the local release of chemical mediators which activate the sensory nerve endings to convey signals to the brain. The...

The insect repellents 3535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate or IR3535) and deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) were prepared as 20% solutions in absolute ethanol and evaluated for repellency against many mosquito species in Thailand under laboratory and field conditions using human subjects. In the laboratory, 0.1 ml was applied per 30-cm2 of exposed area on a volunteer's forearm (0.66-0.67 m...

EVEN BEFORE the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) was known to be nitric oxide (NO), it was recognized that it could be inactivated by the radical superoxide (O2 · ) (16). Once the EDRF was identified as NO, the chemistry underlying this phenomenon was obvious. Both NO and O2 · are radicals, and rapidly react with one another to form the strong oxidant peroxynitrite, which ultimately d...

background and objectives: attenuated total reflectance-inferared (atr-ir) spectra can be used as a non-invasive fingerprinting approach in quality control of herbal samples. methods: twenty versatile herbal samples were subjected to attenuated total reflectance-inferared (atr-ir) spectroscopy followed by different clustering methods in order to determine by which method more reasonable classif...