A major goal in the treatment of acute ischemia of a vascular territory is to restore blood flow to normal values, i.e. to "reperfuse" the ischemic vascular bed. However, reperfusion of ischemic tissues is associated with local and systemic leukocyte activation and trafficking, endothelial barrier dysfunction in postcapillary venules, enhanced production of inflammatory mediators and great leth...

Renal ischemic reperfusion injury results in unacceptably high mortality and morbidity during the perioperative period. It has been recently demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning or adenosine receptor modulations attenuate renal ischemic reperfusion injury in vivo. An in vitro model of ischemic renal injury was used in cultured human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells to further elucidate the pr...

Admission hyperglycemia complicates approximately one-third of acute ischemic strokes and is associated with a worse clinical outcome. Both human and animal studies have showed that hyperglycemia is particularly detrimental in ischemia/reperfusion. Decreased reperfusion blood flow has been observed after middle cerebral artery occlusion in acutely hyperglycemic animals, suggesting the vasculatu...

Animal studies have demonstrated that restoration of blood flow to severely ischemic myocardium is a prerequisite for myocardial salvage. However, it has been shown that the restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium may be associated with deleterious changes of the myocardium, including arrhythmias, enzyme release, and contractile dysfunction. These changes were considered to be addition...

Aldose reductase (AR), a member of the aldo-keto reductase family, has been implicated in the development of vascular and neurological complications of diabetes. Recently, we demonstrated that aldose reductase is a component of myocardial ischemic injury and that inhibitors of this enzyme protect rat hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. To rigorously test the effect of aldose reductase on m...

Aim: Acute myocardial infarction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although thrombolytic therapy primary percutaneous coronary intervention are the therapeutic approaches to reduce ischemic injury limit infarct size by providing reperfusion, process can itself induce cardiomyocyte death known as reperfusion injury. In addition effects on immunsuppression for organ transplan...

Background: Microvascular obstruction (MVO) and Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) are associated with myocardial reperfusion injury and recognized as predictors of adverse left ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction. The pathophysiology of reperfusion injury is characterized by release of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. We investigated whether post-ischemic reperfusion w...

BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease is the greatest cause of death in Western countries. The deleterious effects of cardiac ischemia are ameliorated by ischemic preconditioning (IPC), in which transient ischemia protects against subsequent severe ischemia/reperfusion injury. IPC activates multiple signaling pathways, including the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway (mainly PI3K-Akt-glycoge...

HEPATIC OXYGEN METABOLISM 258 VULNERABILITY OF LIVER TO HYPOXIC AND ISCHEMIC INJURY 259 CELLULAR CHANGES IN HYPOXIA 259 ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE DEPLETION AND HYPOXIC HEPATOCELLULAR NECROSIS 260 PROTECTION BY ACIDOTIC PH AGAINST HYPOXIC KILLING OF LIVER CELLS 261 THE PH PARADOX IN EARLY ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY 262 THE MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION IN REPERFUSION INJURY 262 REACTIVE OX...