Islet transplantation offers a potential therapy to restore glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetes patients. However, islet transplantation is not routinely successful because most islet recipients gradually lose graft function. Furthermore, serological markers of islet function are insensitive to islet loss until the latter stages of islet graft rejection. A noninvasive method of monitoring is...

Twenty-three T2D patients negative for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody and insulinoma-associated protein 2) and islet-specific T cells were evaluated prospectively for up to 36 months. We investigated the percentage of patients who developed islet autoantibodies (Ab+) and/or islet-reactive T cells (T+) and the effect of the islet autoimmunity on fasting and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide resp...

Background: Oral vanadyl sulfate (vanadium) induces normoglycemia, proliferates beta cells and prevents pancreatic islet atrophy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Soteriological method is used to quantitate the proliferative effects of vanadium on beta-cell numbers and islet volumes of normal and diabetic rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic with intravenous s...

Pancreatic islet transplantation has been remarkably improved by the Edmonton protocol; however, it is not easy to achieve insulin independence after islet transplantation from one donor pancreas. The islet isolation procedure itself destroys cellular and noncellular components of the pancreas that probably play a role in supporting islet survival. Further islet transplantation exposes cells to...

Alloimmunity has been uncovered to be a cause of graft loss representing a major barrier for clinical islet transplantation, and several studies are designed to evaluate new strategies for immunosuppression to prevent alloimmunity. In contrast, the significance for autoimmune destruction of transplanted beta-cells has remained somewhat controversial. Recently, two case reports based on histolog...

2014 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that represents a major socioeconomic burden worldwide; approximately 90–95% of patients are diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the new cases of diabetes. Pancreatic islet β-cell failure is one of the key features of T2DM, which is resultant from chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, thus eventually leading to β-cell insulin secret...

We have isolated the Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate islet-1 and islet-2 genes, two members of the LIM homeodomain family implicated in the transcriptional control of motor neuronal differentiation. Similar to vertebrates, Drosophila islet is expressed in a discrete subset of embryonic motor neurons and interneurons that includes the dopaminergic and serotonergic cells of the ventral nerve...

Neurovascular alignment is a common anatomical feature of organs, but the mechanisms leading to this arrangement are incompletely understood. Here, we show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling profoundly affects both vascularization and innervation of the pancreatic islet. In mature islets, nerves are closely associated with capillaries, but the islet vascularization process...

Studies of the reaction of antibody A2B5 and tetanus toxin with pancreatic islet cells, islet cell tumors, and other human amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) tumors are described. By indirect immunofluorescence, antibody A2B5 and tetanus toxin were shown to specifically bind to the plasma membrane of human, rat, chicken, and mouse islet cells. The binding of antibody A2B5 to the ...

This study investigated the mechanisms for glucose-induced islet blood flow increase in rats. The effects of adenosine, adenosine receptor antagonists, and vagotomy on islet blood flow were evaluated with a microsphere technique. Vagotomy prevented the islet blood flow increase expected 3, 10, and 20 min after injection of glucose, whereas theophylline (a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagoni...