factors that affect stability. The interaction of pharmaceutical solids with water can affect their chemical stability as well as their physical and mechanical properties. The influence of moisture on solid-state stability has therefore been extensively documented. It is important now to understand and to anticipate the behaviour of a product exposed to a variety of environmental conditions (e....

Sorption of P to the bed sand medium is a major removal mechanism for P in subsurface flow constructed reed beds. Selecting a sand medium with a high P-sorption capacity is therefore important to obtain a sustained P-removal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the P-removal capacities of 13 Danish sands and to relate the removal to their physico-chemical characteristics. The P-removal ...

A previous study involving lead(II) [Pb(II)] sorption onto ferrihydrite over a wide range of conditions highlighted the advantages of combining molecular- and macroscopic-scale investigations with surface complexation modeling to predict Pb(II) speciation and partitioning in aqueous systems. In this work, an extensive collection of new macroscopic and spectroscopic data was used to assess the a...

soils around mining sites play a significant role in the transport and control of heavy metals in the environment. therefore, understanding the adsorption properties of soil is essential in solving pollution problems. the objective of this paper was to study zn(ii) adsorption onto sarcheshmeh copper mine soils. the adsorption isotherms of zn(ii) were studied. the langmuir isotherm indicated an ...

Ethyl benzene used increasingly each year is the raw material of producing styrene monomer. This substanceis produced from benzene alkylation with ethylene or ethanol, depending on the availability and cost of rawmaterials. In this study benzene alkylation in the presence of ethanol in a catalytic fixed bed reactor inthree states of isotherm, adiabatic and non-isotherm-non-adiabatic is mathemat...

introduction:thepowderedactivatedcarbontreatment(pact)hasbeenproposedasanalternativeinwastewatertreatmentandwastewaterbiomassprotectionagainsttoxicsubstances.thisstudyaimstoevaluatepactperformanceintreatingdyes,acidorange,andremazolbrilliantreactiveblue. methods:thisempirical-appliedresearchwascarriedoutinpilotscaleinwhichdifferentdyeremoval systems were tested:activatedsludge,pac,andthecombine...