Fabrication and organosilane-functionalization and characterization of nanostructured ITO electrodes are reported. Nanostructured ITO electrodes were obtained by electron beam evaporation, and a subsequent annealing treatment was selectively performed to modify their crystalline state. An increase in geometrical surface area in comparison with thin-film electrodes area was observed by atomic fo...

OBJECTIVES Two- and 13-week inhalation toxicities of indium-tin oxide (ITO) and indium oxide (IO) were characterized for risk assessments of workers exposed to ITO. METHODS F344 rats of both sexes were exposed by inhalation to ITO or IO aerosol for 6 h/day, 5 day/wk for 2 wk at 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mg/m(3) or 13 wk at 0, 0.1 or 1 mg/m(3). An aerosol generator and inhalation exposure system wa...

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) films are widely used as transparent electrodes in electronic displays and solar cells. However, the small fracture strain of brittle ITO films poses significant challenge to their applications in flexible electronics devices that often undergo large deformation. Inspired by recent development of inorganic/organic hybrid permeation barriers for flexible electronics, we de...

The properties of the transient outward current (Ito) differ between rabbit and human atrial myocytes. In particular, rabbit Ito is known to recover more slowly than its human counterpart and to show much more frequency dependence. To assess the possibility that these physiological differences may reflect differing expression of K+ channel subunit gene products, we used a combination of whole-c...

In organic electronic devices, indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are the most common transparent electrode and anodic buffer layer materials, respectively. A widespread concern is that PEDOT:PSS is acidic and etches ITO. We show that this issue is not serious: only a few nanometers of ITO are etched in typical device processing condit...

In this paper, a ITO algorithm inspired by ITO stochastic process is proposed for Traveling Salesmen Problems (TSP),so far, many meta-heuristic methods have been successfully applied to TSP, however, as a member of them, ITO needs further demonstration for TSP. So starting from designing the key operators, which include the move operator, wave operator, etc, the method based on ITO for TSP is p...

This study compares the sensitivity of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) used in Electrical CellSubstrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS). IDEs made of indium tin oxide (ITO) and ITO coated with iridium oxide (IrOx) were used for ECIS measurements with the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. The results indicate that IrOx-modified ITO electrodes provide both biocompatibility and higher cell sensitivi...

Among nevoid causes of hypopigmentations; incontinentia pigmenti achromians (Hypomelanosis of Ito) is a neurocutaneous syndromes characterized by distinctive macular, linear or irregular whorls or swirls of Hypopigmentations. Unrelated to incontinentia pigmenti, the loss of pigment begins spon­taneously during infancy or early childhood and is of Particular importance because of the falt that m...