In this study, we prepared carbon nanotube (CNT)/Nafion-modified ITO electrodes and investigated their electrochemical behavior. The CNTs were dissolved in a solution of the ionic polymer Nafion and then CNT/Nafion composite films were deposited onto ITO electrodes through spin-coating of this homogeneous solution. We studied the effects of chemical pretreatment of the CNTs and the pH of the bu...

In situ observation of absorption spectral change of heptil viologen cation radical (HV ) was performed by slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy utilizing indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes. Synchronizing with electrochemical techniques, we observed the adsorption process of HV on the ITO electrode. In this study, we carried out the ITO-SOWG observations using KBr aqueous solution containin...

ii 1 Overview 1.1 Motivation ............................................................................1 1.2 The Challenge ........................................................................2 2 Background 2.1 Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal ................................................3 2.2 Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Laser Cavity ................................6 3 Design and A...

This paper describes a novel approach of forming micropatterned co-cultures using a combination of oxygen plasma ashing and electrochemical removal of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) silane from indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. After assembling a layer of PEG silane on ITO, photolithography and oxygen plasma cleaning were used to form cell-adhesive domains within the non-fouling PEG silane layer....

Nucleic acid sensor based on polyaniline has been fabricated by covalently immobilizing double stranded calf thymus (dsCT) DNA onto perchlorate (ClO4 ) doped polyaniline (PANI) film deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass plate using 1-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl)3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxyl succinimide (NHS) chemistry. These dsCT-DNA-PANI/ITO and PANI/ITO electrodes hav...

As early as 1900, Louis Bachelier had proposed using Brownian motion as a model for security prices. As insightful as it was, this model is somewhat re­ strictive. For example it allows stock price to be negative. A more appropriate and accepted model is to assume that stock prices follow a general Ito process Xt = X e t e t 0 + μsds + σ dB s s 0 0 , where μ, σ are adapted processes. Suppose we...

Wickenden, A. D., T. J. Jegla, R. Kaprielian, and P. H. Backx. Regional contributions of Kv1.4, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3 to transient outward K1 current in rat ventricle. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 45): H1599–H1607, 1999.—The aim of the present study was to assess differences in transient outward potassium current (Ito) between the right ventricular free wall and the interventricular sep...

In the normal carp livers, Ito cells (fat-storing cells) could be identified with light and electron microscope within the hepatic sinusoidal wall and actually in the Disse's space, but they were almost lacking lipid droplets in the cytoplasm (empty Ito cells) in contrast to the majority of vertebrate species. After administration of large doses of vitamin A, fat droplets appeared in hypertroph...

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) show promise as a cheaper alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics for specialized applications, provided conversion efficiency can be maximized and production costs minimized. This study demonstrates that arrays of nanowires can be formed by wet-chemical methods for use as three-dimensional (3D) electrodes in DSSCs, thereby improving photoelectric conversio...