In continuous review models with a fixed delivery lag T, the state of the system is conveniently described by the net inventory position = (inventory on hand) plus (outstanding orders), in spite of most cost components depending on the actual inventory on hand. To relate these two inventory concepts one observes that the distribution of the inventory on hand at time t + T is determined by the i...

Let us review the fundamental framework of streaming. Suppose we have a stream coming in from time 0 to time T . At each time t ∈ [T ], the coming element is at ∈ [n]. Frequency for any element i is defined as mi = |{j|aj = i}|. We will see a few problems to solve under this framework. For different problems, we expect to have a complexity of only O(log n) and O(log T ) on either storage or upd...

With growing emphasis on affordability, the conceptual design of complex systems and programs is no longer confined to maximizing technical performance, but also to minimizing cost and schedule related attributes. By defining affordability as the property of becoming or remaining feasible relative to resource needs and resource constraints over time, Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration and E...

We ordinarily publish a notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register to provide a period for public comment before the provisions of a rule take effect in accordance with section 553(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 U.S.C. 553(b)), and section 553(d) of the APA ordinarily requires a 30-day delay in effective date of final rules after the date of their publication in the ...

In this paper we investigate the epochs in which the Universe started accelerating and when it began to become dark energy–dominated (i.e., the dynamics of the expansion of the Universe dominated by the dark energy). We provide analytic expressions to calculate the redshifts of these epochs as a function of density parameters. Moreover, we review and discuss cosmological models with a dark ener...

BACKGROUND The space and time distribution of risk factors for allergic diseases may provide insights into disease mechanisms. Allergy is believed to vary by month of birth, but multinational studies taking into account latitude have not been conducted. METHODS AND FINDINGS A questionnaire was distributed in 54 centres to a representative sample of 20- to 44-y-old men and women mainly in Euro...

• The MAC times of the files involved in the intrusion indicated that SUBJECT intruded on VICTIM systems on December 5, 1998, 1:00am (CST.) • Analysis of the registry indicated the system time zone was set to Pacific Standard Time. • Analysis of the Internet History file corroborated the MAC times by indicating that the intrusion occurred on December 4, 1998, 11:00pm (PST) or December 5, 1998, ...

I felt needed to be addressed with a network of young patients and social workers. When I met people, it was hard for me to tell them that I am a cancer survivor or a bone marrow transplant recipient. Would they judge me? Would they pity me? Would they treat me as if I am crippled or incapable? These questions always ran through my mind. I wanted to be perceived as “normal.” The blood and lymph...

The significant impact of commensal microorganisms on metabolism, susceptibility to disease, and general well-being of their host has become increasingly clear in recent years. Chung et al. now show that the maturation and performance of the immune system depend on organism-specific bacterial species.

Orbital period changes are an important diagnostic for understanding low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) accretioninduced angular momentum exchange and overall system evolution. We present our most recent results for the eclipse timing of the LMXB EXO 0748−676. Since its discovery in 1985 it has apparently undergone three distinct orbital period “epochs", each characterized by a different orbital peri...