the advancement in the healthcare systems, stringent interventions for infectious diseases and improved diet has significantly shifted the patterns of morbidities, and consequently hereditary and congenital anomalies (ca) and non-communicable diseases (ncds) have emerged as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. in pakistan, there is no systematic health surveillance system to asses...

BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common congenital malformations affecting the brain and spinal cord and have a multifactorial etiology. Genetic and environmental factors have been found to cause these defects, both individually and in combination. METHODS A 2-year hospital-based prospective study was carried out from November 2013 to October 2015 to determine the incidence,...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The "Shri Amarnath Ji Yatra" is an annual congregation in which the devotees trek a difficult route of around 40 km to reach to a cave at a height of approximately 14,000 feet at Pahalgam in the State of Jammu & Kashmir, India. These trekkers are subjected to stress and strain of the long mountainous route and difficult security scenario as a result of which they are pro...

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the world's top ten cancers. Its incidence, especially in the form of squamous cell carcinoma, is very high in some Asian regions including Kashmir. Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh are three provinces of Jammu and Kashmir, the northern most state of India. The three regions represent ethnically diverse socio-cultural populations with different incidences of esoph...

INTRODUCTION Informed consent is now accepted as the cornerstone of medical practice, with reasonable patient standards typically considered to be appropriate in the developed countries; however it is still challenged in many developing countries. The objective of this descriptive study was to evaluate the perceptions and practices among attending medical professionals in matters relating to in...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a dreadful zoonotic neglected disease that affects public health globally. The infection highly endemic in northern India (Kashmir valley). present survey based study was done to know the seroprevalence of cystic among residents north and central Kashmir valley identify risk variables linked this infection. In addition collecting 462 serum samples (244 males 218 fe...

Elucidating the taxonomy of species is important for conservation purposes, but unfortunately musk deer in Kashmir have not been studied extensively. Examination museum specimens from region indicated that there are possibly two species. Field studies Jammu and revealed occurring Wardwan – Kishtwar belt apparently different those occur main part Kashmir. This study based on a systematic review ...