This research paper aims to explore the social structure of Kashmir during Chak Sultanate era, which lasted from 15th 16th century. Using primary sources, including historical accounts and inscriptions, this study provides an in-depth analysis hierarchy, class system, religious ethnic diversity region period. The highlights significant influence Islam on fabric Kashmir, as well role ruling elit...

This paper will enumerate the last days of rule Sultanate Kashmir, which was originally founded in very tough conditions by a Swati Muslim commander, Shah Mir, later known as Sultan Shams din and counted to be second king first Sultan, who, according all estimates, considered most important figure among Lahora nobility. Hindu usually ended with defeat Kota Rani at Inderkot Safapora, 1339 A.D., ...

Corncob is an agriculture waste found to consist of 38.9% cellulose and 43.4% hemicellulose on dry solid (w/w %) basis and thus considered a potential source for fermentable sugars. These sugars can potentially be extracted through combined chemical pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. The present study is aimed to optimized the pretreatment process by using variety of alkali and acids ...

In an earlier study (Van Lieshout and Stein in Math Gesoci 44(3):309–326, 2012) we postulated the existence of two major earthquakes in the 2005 Kashmir disaster instead of a single one, based upon the pattern of aftershocks. In this study, we explore this hypothesis further by fitting several spatial point pattern models. In particular, we discuss the Hawkes and the trigger process models for ...

BACKGROUND Data on spirometrically defined chronic airflow limitation (CAL) are scarce in developing countries. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of spirometrically defined CAL in Kashmir, North India. METHODS Using Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease survey methods, we administered questionnaires to randomly selected adults aged ⩾40 years. Post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed to ...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY A lack of genetic markers impedes our understanding of the population biology of Lemna minor. Thus, the development of appropriate genetic markers for L. minor promises to be highly useful for population genetic studies and for addressing other life history questions regarding the species. • METHODS AND RESULTS For the first time, we characterized nine polym...

The present study was an attempt to assess the cause of persistent pain in lower limbs among children from Kashmir. The study was conducted on one hundred children attending Paediatric out-patient department of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar. All the children were in the age group of 5 to 14 years. They showed markedly raised levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, whereas...

BACKGROUND Strict conservation of wildlife and encroachment into its habitat have led to an increase in the number of wild animal-inflicted injuries and fatalities in Kashmir. The aim of this study was to report injuries inflicted during bear attacks and discuss their management and sequelae. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics Government Medical Colle...

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme in folate metabolism and is involved in DNA synthesis, DNA repair and DNA methylation. The two common functional polymorphisms of MTHFR, 677 C→T and 1298 A→C, have been shown to impact various diseases, including cancer. The 677 C→T polymorphism has been widely investigated in different cancers and has been implicated as a risk fa...