The present study identifies Russian orthography and problems with orthographic-phonological conversion as the major source of non-target reductions both in reading and spontaneous speech in the Russian interlanguage (IL) of American learners. It focuses on the role of inflectional morphology and shows that grammatical inflections have a higher rate of spelling induced reductions than the same ...

Abstract The current study set out to examine what degree age of acquisition (AOA), defined as a learner’s first intensive exposure second language (L2) environment, mediates the final state postpubertal, spoken vocabulary attainment. In Study 1, spontaneous speech samples were elicited from experienced Japanese users English ( n = 41) using storytelling and interview tasks. analyzed range corp...

Abstract This paper explores the link between metaphoric structure TIME IS SPACE and time perception in bilinguals. While there appear to be fundamental commonalities way humans perceive experience regardless of language background, language-specific spatiotemporal metaphors can give rise differences populations, under certain conditions. Little is known, however, about how bilinguals time, spe...

“Artificial societies” are constructed to examine L2-based creole development. ‘Virtual’ slaves and slave-owners interact based on socio-historical conditions. Linguistic transmissions and developments are tracked. This study takes no position on whether a theory of ‘imperfect L2 acquisition of the superstrate language’ can be viewed as final truth with respect to creole genesis. However, a Com...

Formal and semantic overlap across languages plays an important role in bilingual language processing systems. In the present study, Japanese (first language; L1)-English (second language; L2) bilinguals rated 193 Japanese-English word pairs, including cognates and noncognates, in terms of phonological and semantic similarity. We show that the degree of cross-linguistic overlap varies, such tha...

We investigated the perception of developmental changes in timing patterns that happen in the course of second language (L2) acquisition, provided that the native and the target languages of the learner are rhythmically similar (German and English). It was found that speech rhythm in L2 English produced by German learners becomes increasingly stress-timed as acquisition progresses. This develop...

Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) was used to provide augmented visual feedback in the learning of non-native speech sounds. Eight adult native speakers of English were randomly assigned to one of the two training conditions: (1) conventional L2 speech production training or (2) conventional L2 speech production training with EMA-based kinematic feedback. The participants’ speech was percept...

This systematic literature review attempts to shed light on the practice of vocabulary acquisition in EFL contexts (incidental versus intentional mode) and recommendation for Asia. Aiming fill theoritical gap, present study elucidates methodological-related variables dealing with Asia teaching mostly needed relevantly applicable. The serves as a call teachers elaborate all reviewed components i...