BACKGROUND Many individuals have serum antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. Those with an impaired antitoxin response may be susceptible to recurrent, prolonged, or severe C difficile diarrhoea and colitis. AIMS To examine whether treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin might be effective in patients with severe pseudomembranous colitis unresponsive to standard antimicrobial the...

A human suppressor T cell maintained in long-term culture with conditioned medium containing interleukin 2 elaborates a suppressor factor(s) that specifically inhibits human polyclonal B cell immunoglobulin biosynthesis. This soluble immune suppressor supernate of immunoglobulin production (CTC-SISS-B) shares a number of features with the previously described suppressive mediator elaborated by ...

Abbreviations: FCH, fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis; HAV, hepatitis A virus; HBIG, hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HCV-R, HCV recurrence; HDV, hepatitis D virus; HEV, hepatitis E virus; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LADR, low accelerated dose regimen; LAM, lamivudine; IFNa , interferon al...

Background and Aims: Human parvovirus B19, a member of the parvoviridae family, with single-stranded DNA is a very minute non-enveloped virus. B 19 virus is mostly transmitted via the respiratory tract but some studies have been reported which B19 virus can be transmitted through blood and/or blood products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of B19 among blood donors in Tehra...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (2 g/kg) is usually given in the treatment of Kawasaki disease (KD). According to the authors' experience, however, medium-dose immunoglobulin (1 g/kg) was also effective in the majority of patients. We performed a retrospective clinical study to validate effectiveness of the medium-dose regimen in treatment of KD. SUBJECTS...

Abstract Human natural killer (NK) cells are essential for controlling infection, cancer, and fetal development. NK cell functions modulated by interactions between polymorphic inhibitory immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) HLA-A, -B, -C ligands expressed on tissue cells. All HLA-C alleles encode a KIR ligand contribute to reproduction immunity. In contrast, only some HLA-A -B they focus By hig...

The relationship between the immunoglobulin (Ig) nucleotide sequence and the ability of a B cell to develop into a malignant cell was studied in a subset of B cells, B-1 cells. B-1 cells become malignant in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and are responsible for the production of "natural autoanti‌bodies". The autoimmune NZB mouse has been known as a human malignancy and CLL model, be‌cause ...

This chapter provides an overview of the Multi-agent Systems Engineering (MaSE) methodology for analyzing and designing multi-agent systems. MaSE consists of two main phases that result in the creation of a set of complementary models that get successively closer to implementation. MaSE has been used to design systems ranging from a heterogeneous database integration system to a biologically ba...

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 27 healthy individuals and from 18 patients with a diverse spectrum of defects in humoral immunity were examined for their capacity to undergo terminal differentiation in vitro. Pokeweed mitogen induced cells from normal persons to synthesize and secrete IgM. IgG, and IgA as detected by Immunofluorescence and incorporation of [(14)C]amino acids, Lymphocytes fro...