PURPOSE OF REVIEW The early detection of acute kidney injury may allow for timely preventive or therapeutic measures. This review discusses the role of traditional and novel biomarkers in early acute kidney injury diagnosis. RECENT FINDINGS Detection of acute kidney injury relies on changes in serum creatinine and urea. These are not ideal and do not reflect genuine injury or real-time change...

Nephrotoxicity is a frequent complication of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, in which T cells are known to promote acute kidney injury. In this study, we examined the role of T cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (Tim-1) in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury using an inhibitory anti-Tim-1 antibody. Tim-1 acts to modulate T cell responses, but it is also expressed by damaged proximal tubules in the kid...

Conventional markers of kidney function that are familiar to clinicians, including the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, are unable to reveal genuine injury to the kidney, and their use may delay treatment. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine, and the predictive role and pathogenic mechanism of MIF deregulation during kidney infections invol...