This paper investigates the efficiency of a 2-period gait from the kinetic energy view-point. First, we formulate a steady 2-period gait for a compass-like bipedal robot by using a simple recurrence formula for the kinetic energy of an asymmetric rimless wheel. Second, we theoretically show that, in the case that the mean value of the hip angle is constant, the generated 2-period steady gait is...

Our purpose is to derive a model for charged particles which combines a kinetic description of the fast particles with a fluid description of the slow ones. In a previous paper, a similar model was derived from a kinetic BGK equation that uses a constant relaxation time and does not include the effect of an electric field. In this paper, we consider a more general kinetic equation including an ...

We study the approximation complexity of certain kinetic variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem where we consider instances in which each point moves with a xed constant speed in a xed direction. We prove the following results. 1. If the points all move with the same velocity, then there is a PTAS for the Kinetic TSP. 2. The Kinetic TSP cannot be approximated better than by a factor of two ...

Visual field extent along the four diagonal meridia was measured cross-sectionally in 180 normal children (infants and toddlers), and 22 adults. Infants were tested monocularly at 3.5, 7, or 9 months, and toddlers were tested binocularly at 11, 17, or 30 months. Adult control data were obtained under monocular viewing. Three testing methods were investigated: static and hybrid static-kinetic pe...

We have measured the M(2,3)VV Auger spectra of Cu(110) and studied the final state interaction following the Cu 3p core electron excitation. We have observed that the kinetic energy of the M(2,3)VV Auger electron shifts to an energy higher than that of the normal Auger electrons near the Cu 3p threshold, and it converges to the constant kinetic energy of the normal Auger electrons as the excita...

Vesicles formed from synthetic, double-tailed amphiphiles are often used as mimics for biological membranes. However, biological membranes are a complex mixture of various compounds. In the present paper we describe a first attempt to study the importance of additives on vesicular catalysis. The rate-determining deprotonation of 5-nitrobenzisoxazole (Kemp elimination) by hydroxide ion is effici...

Two 1-L porous pot (65 μ stainless steel mesh) reactors were fed synthetic wastewater with a COD of 200 mg/L including 2 mg/L linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) to evaluate the influence of specific operating conditions (i.e, hydraulic retention time, HRT, and solids retention time, SRT) on the measured rate of LAS biodegradation. The reactors were operated in parallel under a constant SRT of...

Background: Bacterial resistance to the commonly used antibacterial agents is an increasing challenge in the medicine, and a major problem for the health care systems; the control of  their spread  is a constant challenge for the hospitals. Objectives: In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of the Zinc Oxide nanoparticles against clinical sample; Yersinia intermedia bact...

We examine the energetics of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) with data from the LASCO coronagraphs on SOHO. The LASCO observations provide fairly direct measurements of the mass, velocity and dimensions of CMEs. Using these basic measurements, we determine the potential and kinetic energies and their evolution for several CMEs that exhibit a flux-rope morphology. Assuming flux conservation, we us...