The following are interesting questions for any chemical reaction system of interest: in any time epoch, which reactions are already exhausted, and which reactions are currently dormant? Which reactions are currently rate-controlling? For each reaction, which chemical species are the major participants and which are the minor participants? Are there chain-branching processes going on? What happ...

Fluctuating turnover times of a single enzyme become observable with the advent of modern cutting-edge, single enzyme experimental techniques. Although the conventional chemical kinetics and its modern generalizations could provide a good quantitative description for the mean of the enzymatic turnover times, to our knowledge there has not yet been a successful quantitative interpretation for th...

This paper addresses the problem of simplifying chemical reaction networks by adroitly reducing the number of reaction channels and chemical species. The analysis adopts a discrete-stochastic point of view and focuses on the model reaction set S(1)<=>S(2)-->S(3), whose simplicity allows all the mathematics to be done exactly. The advantages and disadvantages of replacing this reaction set with ...

In this research, Graphene Oxide- Gold nanoparticles (AuNP/GO) were easily fabricated by a redox reaction between GO and chloroauric acid without using any additional reductant and then used to stabilize Pickering emulsions. (AuNP/GO) was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy. The changes of parameters such as contact time, pH, Amoxicillin initial concentration and temperature were tested and inve...

We study fundamental relationships between classical and stochastic chemical kinetics for general biochemical systems with elementary reactions. Analytical and numerical investigations show that intrinsic fluctuations may qualitatively and quantitatively affect both transient and stationary system behavior. Thus, we provide a theoretical understanding of the role that intrinsic fluctuations may...

Enzyme kinetics studies normally focus on the initial rate of enzymatic reaction. However, the manual operation of steps of the conventional enzyme kinetics method has some drawbacks. Errors can result from the imprecise time control and time necessary for manual changing the reaction cuvettes into and out of the detector. By using the automatic flow-based analytical systems, enzyme kinetics st...

Single-cell gene expression is inherently stochastic; its emergent behavior can be defined in terms of the chemical master equation describing the evolution of the mRNA and protein copy numbers as the latter tends to infinity. We establish two types of "macroscopic limits": the Kurtz limit is consistent with the classical chemical kinetics, while the Lévy limit provides a theoretical foundation...