Mitochondria have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 that reduce kinase activity are associated with mitochondrial defects and result in an autosomal-recessive form of early-onset PD. Therapeutic approaches for enhancing the activity of PINK1 have not been considered because no allosteric regulatory sites for PINK1 a...

Chloroplast replication was induced in mature tobacco leaf tissue (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by culturing leaf discs on a sterile medium composed of salts and sucrose. Chloroplast replicaton is greatly enhanced by the addition of kinetin to this medium. Kinetin also enhances cell enlargement, but cell division does not occur. Chloroplast replication is nonsynchronous and proceeds most rapidly when ...

In vitro studies were carried out with Ochradenus arabicus for rapid micropropagation from embryo explants. Direct regeneration of shoot buds of O. arabicus was observed in MS basal medium supplemented with varying levels of either benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin (Kn). Embryos produced multiple shoots on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) containing 1.0 μM BA after 25 days of inoculation. Number o...

Chlorogenic acid, a pharmacologically important compound, is a phenolic compound that occurs in certain commonly used medicinal herbs. We looked for the presence of this compound in the callus cultures of Varthemia persica DC (var. persica). We have evaluated the conditions for establishment of callus cultures of V. persica and the in vitro production of chlorogenic acid. Callus was initiated b...

Chromium is one of the most toxic heavy metals which reduces the growth of plants at relatively low concentrations, whereas IAA, kinetin, GA3 and 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBr) are well known plant growth regulators (PGRs) which enhance the growth of plants. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of binary combinations of Cr(VI) and PGRs on Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleiden, ...

The cucumber cotyledon greening bioassay is frequently used for detecting cytokinins. Beneficial modifications of the original technique included using 5-day-old cucumber (Cucumus sativus L., cv. National Pickling) cotyledons treated with combinations of 40 millimolar KCl and various concentrations of cytokinins. A dark incubation period of 20 hours was followed by an exposure to light for 3.5 ...