Indubitably, the efficacy of metalinguistic awareness in improving EFL learners’ grammatical knowledge and writing quality has long been an area of great interest in applied linguistics Brown (2001). Accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of planned and unplanned focus on form instruction on students’ ability to learn grammar and use it appropriately ...

In Order and Structure I have two main goals. First, I argue that the grammar should be viewed as an incremental left-to-right structure building system, and that this solves a number of problems in constituent structure. Second, I reassess the relationship between linguistic knowledge and language processing, and argue that mental systems for grammar and processing can be viewed as identical. ...

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of applying fill-in-the-map and construct-a-map techniques on EFL learners’ knowledge of tenses. To this end, sixty EFL elementary female students, who were selected based on their performance on a standardized teacher-made proficiency test, were randomly assigned into two equal experimental and control groups. In order to be convinced of...

the present paper aims to analyze the method of sibooye in syntactic analysis with reference to grammar writing and applied syntax. the outcome of this study shows that the method of sibooye is structure writing mixed with analysis. he didn’t suffice to quoting what he heard but moves forward and does functionalism analysis. the nearest reasons showing sibooye’s attempt on this method is that m...

throughout the years, philosophers and psychologists have striven to solve the mind-boggling question of learning by juxtaposing the two competing theories, namely, empiricism and rationalism. they have usually opted for one and ruled out the other on the grounds that it cannot account for learning because theoretical and empirical evidence discredits it. since 1965, with the publication of cho...

This study attempted to investigate writing problems and the relationship between expert-assessment and self-assessment of writing problems. Participants were thirty four non-English faculty members of Tehran and Guilan universities. The instruments were writing an essay on the topic "What teaching strategies do you use in your classes?" in twenty five lines and filling the questionnaire of wri...

Materials evaluation studies have constantly demonstrated that there is no one fixed procedure for conducting textbook evaluation studies. Instead, the criteria must be selected according to the needs and objectives of the context in which evaluation takes place. The speaking skill as part of the communicative competence has been emphasized as an important objective in language teaching. The pr...

This paper describes the techniques used to translate structured texts of approximately 2000 words into logical assertions in the language and ontology of the Cyc knowledge-based system. The input texts conform to a controlled natural language which was specifically written to express US Army Courses Of Action. A second input to the interpretation task is a formal description of a sketch of the...

This paper presents a model for generating prosodically appropriate synthesized responses to database queries using Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG { cf. [22]), a formalism which easily integrates the notions of syntactic constituency, prosodic phrasing and information structure. The model determines accent locations within phrases on the basis of contrastive sets derived from the discourse...

A capability for translating between representation languages is critical for effective knowledge base reuse. We describe a translation technology for knowledge representation languages based on the use of an interlingua for communicating knowledge. The interlingua-based translation process can be thought of as consisting of three major steps: (1) translation from the source language into a sub...