This document explains algorithms and basic operations of knowledge structures and knowledge spaces available in R through the kst package. Knowledge Space Theory (Doignon and Falmagne, 1999) is a set-theoretical framework, which proposes mathematical formalisms to operationalize knowledge structures in a particular domain. The most basic assumption of knowledge space theory is that every knowl...

Tokenization is a procedure for recovering the elements of interest in sequence data. This term commonly used to describe an initial step processing programming languages, and also preparation input data case artificial neural networks; however, it generalizable concept that applies reducing complex form its basic elements, whether context computer science or natural processes. In this entry, g...

Using domain knowledge to speed up learning is widely accepted but theory revision of such knowledge continues to use general syntactic operators. Using such operators for theory revision of teleoreactive logic programs is especially expensive in which proof of a top-level goal involves playing a game. In such contexts, one should have the option to complement general theory revision with domai...

The service sector is characterised by being over-proportionally based on SMEs where these SMEs rarely possess formal intellectual property (IPR) in the sense of patents, etc. Organisations compete intensively and reap relatively short-term Schumpeterian profits by means of incremental innovation. In this high-churn environment, managing internal knowledge networks for ‘mutual inspiration’ can ...