In recent years, optogenetics has become a central tool in neuroscience research. Estimating the transmission of visible light through brain tissue is of crucial importance for controlling the activation levels of neurons in different depths, designing optical systems, and avoiding lesions from excessive power density. The Kubelka-Munk model and Monte Carlo simulations have previously been used...

For example, if Coating A has a contrast ratio of 0.920 and Coating B has a contrast ratio of 0.900, about all that can be said is Coating A has higher opacity than Coating B. We can say it is 0.020 higher, but it is not clear how to use this number to formulate Coating B to have equal hiding. Also, this is not helpful in deciding what to change in order to improve opacity. Fortunately, quantit...

The reflectance model developed by Kubelka and Munk was evaluated for agreement in color prediction of thick pigmented samples and for linearity of optical absorption and scattering coefficients with concentration of colorant in maxillofacial elastomer. The colorants tested were generic opacifiers, dry mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants. Significant linear relationships were commonly...

The analysis of skin color with makeup is needed to examine the effect of makeup to human skin. Foundation is cosmetics to cover undesirable color on skin and gives basic color to skin. It is important evaluate a change of skin color by the foundation. The present paper modeled the optics of skin with foundation makeup by two layers. Then, the surface spectrum of skin with foundation makeup is ...

A laccase-mediated system for denim overdyeing using phenolic compounds was developed. Laccase from ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila was able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as catechol and catechin and mediate their attachment to denim surfaces. Laccase-generated polymers gave rise to new coloration states from dark brown to green-yellow and replaced dyes in the overdyeing process. Pro...

It is difficult to directly determine the quantity of cationic finishing agents on surface cellulosic fabrics. Herein, we report a direct and feasible method by Kubelka–Munk equation quantify poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) adsorbed onto cotton fabrics based principle formation stable blue dye between PHMB bromophenol sodium (BPB). The adsorption was first investigated maxim...

The cation deficient complex oxides of (Ca/Sr)MoO4 - BiVO4 Bi2Mo3O12 triple system are promising photocatalysts and pigments. Compounds with general formula Ca1−1.5x-yBix+yФxMo1-yVyO4 Sr1−1.5x-yBix+yФxMo1-yVyO4 were synthesized byconvention solid state technique in the range 550–720 °C. Two wide regions solutions (ordinary superstructured scheelite-type phases respectively) found for each syste...

SrBi4Ti4O15 is one of four-layered Aurivillius compound family member that can be used as photocatalyst material works in the violet light region. To expand its work function range conducted by doped with metal elements to results reduced band gap energy. In this research, we synthesized vanadium (SrBi4Ti4-nVnO15 (n= 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15)) molten salt method (used KCl salt). The diffractogram...

AIM To study the optical properties of human normal small intestine tissue at 476.5 nm, 488 nm, 496.5 nm, 514.5 nm, 532 nm, 808 nm wavelengths of laser irradiation. METHODS A double-integrating-sphere system, the basic principle of measuring technology of light radiation, and an optical model of biological tissues were used in the study. RESULTS The results of measurement showed that there ...