in an effort to expand the disciplinary discussions on transfer in l2 writing and because most studies have focused on transfer as reuse and not as an adequate adaptation of writing knowledge in new contexts, the present study as the first of its kind aimed to explore the issue of adaptive transfer in an english for general academic purposes (egap) writing course. the study thus focused on type...

abstract the role of l1 in second/foreign language learning has been the subject of much debate and controversy. this article reports on a piece of research carried out in a junior high school in isfahan, iran. this study was conducted to examine the effect of using translation from l1 to l2 on the improvement of efl learners' language accuracy. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 62 stud...

EA L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of PCs EA L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of PCs EA L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of PCs EA L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of PCs EA L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of PCs EA L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of PCs EA L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of PCs EA L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of PCs 1 268855128 527448 9598 11925 268855128 522745 5 11721 268855128 523571

PC L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of EAs PC L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of EAs PC L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of EAs PC L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of EAs PC L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of EAs PC L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of EAs PC L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of EAs PC L1 Misses L2 Misses Number of EAs 1 463592

The inflammatory response associated with Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections is thought to be initiated by the release of proinflammatory cytokines from infected epithelial cells. This study focuses on the interactions between C. trachomatis-infected HeLa cells and immune cells involved in the early stages of infection, i.e., neutrophils and macrophages. First, we showed that the expressi...

This study examined the interrelationships of first language (L1) literacy, second language (L2) proficiency, and L2 reading comprehension with 246 Chinese college students learning English. L1 literacy and L2 proficiency were measured with college admission exams in Chinese and English. L2 reading comprehension was measured with the reading comprehension section of a TOEFL and a researcher-dev...

BACKGROUND MDR1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein is an ATP-dependent drug efflux transporter and related to drug resistance of yolk sac carcinoma. Ultrasound microbubble-mediated delivery has been used as a novel and effective gene delivery method. We hypothesize that small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting MDR1 gene (siMDR1) delivery with microbubble and ultrasound can down-regulate MDR1 expressio...

This study examined language-specific links among auditory processing, linguistic prosody awareness, and Mandarin (L1) and English (L2) word reading in 61 Mandarin-speaking, English-learning children. Three auditory discrimination abilities were measured: pitch contour, pitch interval, and rise time (rate of intensity change at tone onset). Linguistic prosody awareness was measured three ways: ...

Although second language (L2) writing is a popular topic among SLA researchers, the fact that L2 has potential to act as scaffold for speaking accuracy often overlooked. This study's objective was provide empirical evidence can be used improve of oral discourse. Twenty-three Novice and 21 Intermediate university learners Russian participated in study. They completed text reconstruction task by ...