We investigated the influence of English proficiency on ERPs elicited by lexical semantic violations in English sentences, in both native English speakers and native Spanish speakers who learned English in adulthood. All participants were administered a standardized test of English proficiency, and data were analyzed using linear mixed effects (LME) modeling. Relative to native learners, late l...

Learning a second language (L2) is a complex task that often takes years before functional communicative skills are attained, and that rarely results in native-like proficiency. One of the biggest challenges for an L2 learner is acquiring the sounds and sound patterns of a new language. Beginner learners struggle with both perception and production of novel sounds, and even years of practice do...

Language switching has been repeatedly found to be costly. Yet, there are reasons to believe that switches in language might benefit language comprehension in some groups of people, such as less proficient language learners. This study therefore investigated the interplay between language switching and semantic processing in groups with varying language proficiency. EEG was recorded while L2 le...

This study used an online second language (L2) vocabulary lesson to evaluate whether the physical body (i.e., embodiment) of a robot tutor has impact on how learner learns from robot. In addition, we tested individual differences in attitudes toward robots, first impressions robot, anxiety learning L2, and personality traits may be related L2 learning. One hundred Turkish-speaking young adults ...

Contemporary research on the learning and teaching of second language (L2) pronunciation indicates that “applied phonetics” must be defined as something more than simply “phonetics applied.” Rather, pronunciation teaching has evolved into a separate field of inquiry with its own priorities and methodologies. Here I synthesize concepts and findings from adult L2 pronunciation research that can i...

recent interaction studies havefocused on the relationship between interactional feedback and l2 development.despite the large body of knowledge in this regard, few studies have examinedlearners’ preferences for interactional feedback. besides, different findingshave been reported concerning learners’ preferences for feedback and none hasexamined the factors accounting for the variation in the ...

This paper has two major goals. The first one is to present a summary of some the studies which have been conducted on L2 acquisition syntactic properties in European Portuguese within generative framework, considering research questions, phenomena, and learner profiles investigated, methodologies used, main conclusions reached by these studies. Building this summary, our second goal identify g...

Lewis (1993) recognized significance of word combinations including collocations by presenting lexical approach. Because of the crucial role of collocation in vocabulary acquisition, this research set out to evaluate the rate of collocations in Iranian EFL learners' writing production across L1 and L2. In addition, L1 interference with L2 collocational use in the learner' writing samples was st...