Five medicinal plants of Pakistan were investigated for their antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticoagulant potential. Antinociceptive activity was estimated by hot plate and writhing assay. In hot plate assay, Quercus dilatata (52.2%) and Hedera nepalensis (59.1%) showed moderate while Withania coagulans (65.3%) displayed a significant reduction in pain. On the other ha...

It has been proposed that the Iberian Peninsula served as an important refuge for honey bees during periods of European glaciation. The discovery of genetic markers originating from both African and European honey bee lineages in extant Iberian populations led to hypotheses that the region may be a zone of hybridization or reflect the action of human-assisted translocations. In the present stud...