Tiotropium is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) that exerts its bronchodilatory effect by blocking endogenous acetylcholine receptors in the airways. Its safety and efficacy are well established for the treatment of COPD, and it is now being recognized for its role in improving lung function and control in asthma. This review discusses the evolving role of tiotropium delivered by the R...

Tiotropium-olodaterol, formulated in the Respimat soft-mist inhaler, is an inhaled fixed-dose combination (FDC) of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), commercialized under the name of Spiolto or Stiolto. The efficacy of tiotropium-olodaterol 5-5 μg once daily in adult patients with COPD was documented in eleven large, multicenter trials of up to 52 we...

The main objective of asthma treatment is to control symptoms of the disease; however, despite the availability of guidelines and many groups of medications, the degree of control of this condition is insufficient. In difficult-to-treat asthma, the optimal control cannot be achieved due to reasons independent of the disease. Factors worsening asthma control include: inadequate treatment plan (l...

All-optical wavelength-routed WDM WANs can support the high bandwidth and the long session duration requirement of the application scenarios like interactive distance learning or online diagnosis of patients simultaneously in different hospitals. However, multifiber and limited sparse light splitting and wavelength conversion capabilities of switches result in a difficult optimization problem. ...

Decreasing the frequency and severity of exacerbations is one of the main goals of treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several studies have documented that long-acting bronchodilators can reduce exacerbation rate and/or severity, and others have shown that combinations of long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) pro...

OBJECTIVE Results from three observational methods for assessing effectiveness of long-acting bronchodilator therapies for reducing severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were compared: intent-to-treat (ITT), as protocol (AP), and an as-treated analysis that utilized a marginal structural model (MSM) incorporating time-varying covariates related to treatment adhere...

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren zur vollautomatischen Verifikation von Sicherheitseigenschaften von Scade-Modellen entwickelt. Dazu transformieren wir jedes dieser Modelle in eine SMT-Instanz (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) und übergeben dies an einen Solver. SMT wurde gewählt, da es Logiken umfasst die ausdrucksstärker als Aussagenlogik sind, während deren Solver sehr gute Geschwindigkeit...

COPD accounts for approximately 26 million prescriptions per year in the United States. According to an analysis by Novartis R&D, the U.S. market for COPD drugs was running at $11.8 billion in 2012, 70% of that fi gure being almost equally divided between a LAMA, namely tiotropium, and the 2 ICS/LABA combinations. Th eir estimate is that the COPD drug market will increase by 24.4% to $14.8 bill...

AMN107 (Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland) has potent in vitro and in vivo activity against the unmutated and most common mutant forms of Bcr-Abl. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 (Novartis) depletes Bcr-Abl levels. We determined the effects of AMN107 and/or LBH589 in Bcr-Abl-expressing human K562 and LAMA-84 cells, as well as in primary chronic myelogenous leu...

An increasing body of evidence suggests that the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) combination appears to play an important role in maximizing bronchodilation, with studies to date indicating that combining different classes of bronchodilators may result in significantly greater improvements in lung function compared to the use of a single drug, and that the...