Based on the components and program of VRVA (Visual Resources Values Assessment), a behavioral history of the visitor's perception of the American desert is examined. Emphasis is placed upon contrasts between traditional eastern "garden-park" viewpoints and contemporary desert scenery experiences. Special attention is given to the influence of John Wesley Powell's writings and the art of Georgi...

Criteria and parameters for the evaluation of sound rural landscapes presented in the list worked out in the EU-concerted action ‘The nature and landscape production potentials of sustainable/organic types of agriculture’ (third version, November 1995) are checked in two Tuscan organic farms. The first farm is located in the landscape system of the Coastal Plains in the Province of Grosseto, so...

City growth and environmental difficulties last decades leads the art of urban design and development think more precisely and new approaches for conserving environment and developing urban areas have been evolved.The present study deals with concepts related to ecology in the city and in particular the theory of Ecological Urbanism and its criteria is expressed. Also theory and characteristics...

Effectively integrating geospatial data to help with government decision making is a key challenge in transportation planning. Partitioning the landscape into hydrological watersheds is a logical and an ecologically-focused way to explore the context interactions between natural and man-made features. The methodology employs concepts of geographic object-based approaches customized in a multi-s...

Background concepts of the landscape research performed at the Department of Geography of the University of Ghent are described, discussed and illustrated with some examples. The integrated approach is based upon holism, perception and evolution. Holism allows the link between landscape ecology and perception. It explains the interaction between structure and functioning and the importance of t...

0

BACKGROUND Artificial boundaries on a map occur when the map extent does not cover the entire area of study; edges on the map do not exist on the ground. These artificial boundaries might bias the results of animal dispersal models by creating artificial barriers to movement for model organisms where there are no barriers for real organisms. Here, we characterize the effects of artificial bound...

Many organizational theories are not sanguine over the chances of organizations to adapt and evolve, even if they should learn from the past through memory. Innovative search in the adaptive biology tradition leads quickly to dead ends. However, memory is useful for rendering innovative search more efficient. The concept from evolutionary biology of neutrality and drift along neutral pathways i...