We investigate the influence of fractal structure on material properties. We calculate the statistical correlation functions of fractal media defined by level-cut Gaussian random fields. This allows the modeling of both surface fractal and mass fractal materials. Variational bounds on the conductivity, diffusivity and elastic moduli of the materials are evaluated. We find that a fractally rough...

This paper compares contingent values for a hypothetical landscape protection programme with respondents’ voting behaviour in an actual referendum. We use the example of a proposed increase of expenditures for landscape protection in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. In particular we examine (i) CVM bid magnitudes of the different voter groups, (ii) relationships between qualitative response c...

Evaluation of forest landscape model (FLM) predictions is indispensable to establish the credibility of predictions. We present a framework that evaluates shortand long-term FLM predictions at site and landscape scales. Site-scale evaluation is conducted through comparing raster cell-level predictions with inventory plot data whereas landscape-scale evaluation is conducted through comparing pre...

The European Landscape Convention (2000) obligates European Union countries to identify and implement landscape quality objectives (LQOs) understood as the specification of public expectations and preferences concerning the landscape of a given area, expressed by competent public authorities. The convention emphasizes the important role of local community representatives in this field. In Polan...

Satellite remotely sensed data has significant potential use in analysis and evaluation on Landscape Pattern. Relying on the recent advances in satellite remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, this paper aims to probe into the analysis and evaluation on landscape pattern of Songpan county, which located in the north of Sichuan province, with RS and GIS. First, the ge...

the expansion of major cities regardless of the scientific planning principles has led to theemergence of negative urban development impacts in iran such as the degradation of natural resources andvarious forms of pollution. undoubtedly, urban rivers can enhance the ecological value of the earth to anoptimal extent. however, to benefit from these potentials, appropriate planning looks inevitabl...

The structure of a tness landscape is still an ill de ned concept This paper introduces a statis tical tness landscape analysis that can be used on a multitude of tness landscapes The result of this analysis is a statistical model that together with some statistics denoting the explanatory and predictive value of this model can serve as a measure for the structure of the landscape The analysis ...

The fundamental theory of nature may allow a large landscape of vacua. Even if the theory contains a unified gauge symmetry, the 22 flavor parameters of the Standard Model, including neutrino masses, may be largely determined by the statistics of this landscape, and not by any symmetry. Then the measured values of the flavor parameters do not lead to any fundamental symmetries, but are statisti...

Geographers have been reticent on the role of the African diaspora in the contouring of Brazil’s biological and cultural landscapes. Whereas paradigm shifts have occurred in regards to environmental stability in the tropical realm and the pristine nature of pre-Columbian landscapes, these have not translated to a rigorous reassessment of the geographical position of Africans and their descendan...