Developing countries have embarked on the promotion of “ICT access for all” through subsidized Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), especially in underserviced areas of such countries. The main aim of the “ICT access for all” is to extend the communication services to the large areas of underserviced regions through subsidized communication services. In some instances, subsidies m...

If uniform coding (Gödelization) of potentially infinite sequences of numbers can be performed in PSPACEF, then PSPACE = EXPTIME 6= EXPSPACE = 2-EXPTIME, and, for all p, we have p−EXPSPACE = p+1-EXPTIME; if it can be performed in LINSPACEF, we also have LINSPACE = DTIME(2); the proof fails, when relativized to oracle-TM’s. A by-product of this research is that PTIMEF is not closed under number-...

despite various researches on different aspects of world heritage sites in iran approved by unesco, little has been done on the landscapes of these valuable sites and complexes and their importance in achieving place identity. this is whilst the landscape of each complex is a valuable resource, and is similar to the work itself in need of conservation and maintenance. the importance of this iss...

Cultural values are integral to indigenous Māori culture in New Zealand and are pivotal to guiding a person’s preferences and priorities. Traditional concepts and beliefs have shaped the thinking of most Māori, and Māori knowledge still resonates strongly within contemporary Māori society. Cultural values therefore reflect both the long history and relationship tangata whenua (people of the lan...

Examining society’s preferences for any change in the status of wetlands, can translate their direct and indirect benefits into monetary values and provide useful information for the policy makers and planners. Hoor-al-Azim Wetland (also Hoor-al-Hoveizeh) is one of the four large wetlands with an area of over 125 thousand hectares located in Khuzestan province located in southwestern Iran on it...

Landscape features have been shown to strongly influence dispersal and, consequently, the genetic population structure of organisms. Studies quantifying the effect of landscape features on gene flow of large mammals with high dispersal capabilities are rare and have mainly been focused at large geographical scales. In this study, we assessed the influence of several natural and human-made lands...