English language teaching market (ELT) inundated with course book packages containing astudent’s book, a teacher’s guide, workbooks, CD’s, videos, and test materials. A host ofresearchers have focused on course book evaluation and analysis and considered the selectionand evaluation of materials as an essential procedure in order to enhance out comes for thelearners who use them. This study thru...

We prove that the multivariate zeta function of a sofic-Dyck shift is the commutative series of some visibly pushdown language. As a consequence the zeta function of a sofic-Dyck shift is the generating function of a visibly pushdown language and is thus an N-algebraic series.

Just as the order defined by generality over concepts allows concept induction to be performed without generalisation/specialisation operators, so too the order defined by set inclusion over concept languages may allow the shift to better concept languages during learning to be performed without language shift operators. We are currently investigating this idea and in this paper we report first...

Even the simplest narratives combine multiple strands of information, integrating different characters and their actions by expressing multiple perspectives of events. We examined the emergence of referential shift devices, which indicate changes among these perspectives, in Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL). Sign languages, like spoken languages, mark referential shift grammatically with a shift ...

Language shift reversal (LSR) is defined as a change in progress affecting Spanish language use along the US-Mexicoborder and some other extendedareasof the country during the past few decades. LSR is contrasted with reversing language shift (RLS), the result of official language policy and planning. Samples of LSR in San Diego County are presented in connection with reactions towards bilingual...

Although it is commonly believed that language and culture are inexorably linked, the precise nature of this relationship remains elusive. This study investigated the hypothesis that a loss in language signals a loss in culture if language is considered a central value. This hypothesis was investigated by rating the Hindi and English proficiency of 30 first and second generation Indo-Canadian H...

Objective: This study aimed to compare the executive functioning between bilingual and monolingual children. Methods: We recruited a total of 200 children, all under 5-years old, who participated in a cross-sectional study. These participants were separated into two groups based on their enrollment in a second language program. Group one consisted of children enrolled in a second language prog...

The mechanisms underlying the acquisition of speech-production ability in human infancy are not well understood. We tracked 4-12-mo-old English-learning infants' and adults' eye gaze while they watched and listened to a female reciting a monologue either in their native (English) or nonnative (Spanish) language. We found that infants shifted their attention from the eyes to the mouth between 4 ...