Let β be a real number with 1 < β < 2. We prove that the language of the β-shift is ∆n iff β is a ∆n-real. The special case where n is 1 is the independently interesting result that the language of the β-shift is decidable iff β is a computable real. The “if” part of the proof is non-constructive; we show that for Walters’ version of the β-shift, no constructive proof exists.

To date, most applications of algebraic analysis and attacks on stream ciphers are on those based on linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs). In this paper, we extend algebraic analysis to non-LFSR based stream ciphers. Specifically, we perform an algebraic analysis on the RC4 family of stream ciphers, an example of stream ciphers based on dynamic tables, and investigate its implications to pot...

the mössbauer spectra of nanoferrite materials such as ni0.25mn0.75fe2o4, co0.5mn0.5fe2o4 and ni0.4co0.6fe2o4 have been reported and the above materials were prepared by sol-gel combustion method using metal nitrates as source material and polyvinyl alcohol(pva) as agglomeration reducing agent. as the structural, thermal and magnetic properties (vsm) of the above ferrites have been published al...

Indonesia is a multilingual country with over 700 languages spoken by various cultural groups. Language shift and maintenance are two common interesting phenomena to study in society. Studies focusing on language have been conducted for decades. Nevertheless, limited studies found regarding the of co-existing ethnics who lived more than generations, such as Arabic or Chinese. Chinese descents s...

This research aims to re-formulate the concept of conversion classical Arabic, in light challenges it faces era globalization, and failure attempts impose fusha street schools universities, By trying uncover pragmatic methods, that succeed bringing life back Standard Arabic different sectors, But with a less perfect outlook, more closer user's need, suggests various ways achieve this. In this c...