the present investigation was carried out to identify the factors affecting the use of information technology ‎‎(it) by trainees in apply - scientific education in agriculture. the statistical population of this study was educators ‎of agricultural apply - scientific centers. method of sampling was random multi steps sampling. questionnaire used ‎for data collection. the collected data were ana...

Short Message Service (SMS) is an important component of modern mobile services. Given unique characteristics of Chinese language, it is imperative to conduct study to understand characteristic of language usage patterns in Chinese SMS so that important facts like why and how people in China use SMS can be discovered. In this paper, we report an analysis of Chinese SMS logs from three different...

Modeling languages raise the abstraction level at which software is built by providing a set of constructs tailored to the needs of their users. Metamodels define their constructs and thereby reflect the expectations of the language developers about the use of the language. In practice, language users often do not use the constructs provided by a metamodel as expected by language developers. In...

Proponents of usage-based models [Bybee, J.L., 1995. Regular morphology and the lexicon. Language and Cognitive Processes 10, 425–455; Langacker, R.W., 2000. A dynamic usage-based model. In: Barlow, M., Kemmer, S. (Eds.), Usage-Based Models of Language. CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA, pp. 1–63; Tomasello, M., 2003. Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Child Language Acquisition. Ha...

The aim of this article is to support component-based software engineering by modelling exclusive and inclusive usage of software components. Truong and Bezem describe in several papers abstract languages for component software with the aim to estimate bounds for the number of instances of components. Their language includes primitives for instantiating and deleting instances of components and ...

The last decade bears witness to an exponential growth in the use of the World Wide Web. As a result, a huge amount of documents are accessible online through search engines, whose pattern-matching capabilities have turned out to be useful for mining the Web space as a particular kind of linguistic corpus, commonly known as the Web Corpus. This article presents a novel, argumentative approach t...

This document includes a more detailed description about the usage of CUED-RNNLM Toolkit introduced in [1]. 1 Language Model Language model is a crucial component in many fields, such as speech recognition, machine translation, spoken language understanding. The aim of language model is to estimate the probability of a given sentence W as shown in Eqn 1.

The importance of language and terminology for the law and the jurisprudence is beyond question because language is a central subject of a lawyer's work (Hatz 1963, Salton/McGill 1983). The particularity of the legal language is the use of a special vocabulary of legal terms which are used to express definite concepts. The presence of a particular term has specific connotations. Legal thinking ...