This article shows that investors financing a portfolio of projects may use the depth of their financial pockets to overcome entrepreneurial incentive problems. Competition for scarce informed capital at the refinancing stage strengthens investors’ bargaining positions. And yet, entrepreneurs’ incentives may be improved, because projects funded by investors with ‘‘shallow pockets’’ must have no...

One of the risks distinguishes urban projects from other projects is to purchase of property obstacles. The matter is of more significance in large projects. Issues with regard to possessing property obstacles, lack of accurate layout drawings for underground facilities and following probable changes in designs make it vital to have specific studies on risk management of such projects. So thi...

Researchers’ and practitioners’ recognition of the importance of community social and cultural relations ( “social capital”) to effective implementation of poverty reduction projects and differences in social capital across communities suggest that such projects should be tailored to the types of social capital present in a given community. Drawing upon a data set collected by the Northwest Are...

This paper explores the method for evaluating the risks of venture capital projects. Based on analyzing the factors affecting the risks of venture capital projects, I establish an index system for evaluating the risks. I present a model for evaluating the risk level of single venture capital project by applying the uncertain type analysis of hierarchy process and the extended weighted arithmeti...

the water and wastewater considered as one of capital intensive industrials in iran because it has 436 thousand milliard rial in fixed asset, 32.8 million rial in monopolistic market and the share of 0.05 % in gdp. the statistics showed that there is approximately 22 % of facilities and equipment in industrial production process as uncompleted projects. the need for macro investment, the limite...

The IT project control literature has documented that clan control is often essential in complex multi-stakeholder projects for project success. However, instituting clan control in such conditions is challenging as people come to a project with diverse skills and backgrounds. There is often insufficient time for clan control to develop naturally. This paper investigates the question, “How can ...

in this paper, we analyze the effect of lack of capital investment on energy projects using game theory in the guise of cooperative games. we focus on the energy projects in the provincial level as case study during 2010-2011. therefore, we design a theoretical model of the lack of capital investment as a factor influencing the implement of energy projects. in the experimental section, we deter...

Central governments often subsidize capital spending by local governments, instead of subsidizing operating expenses or labor-intensive projects. This paper offers one explanation, focusing on the incentive effects for local officials—a local official can more easily shift the cost of optimizing a project to his successor on a labor-intensive project than on a capital-intensive project.

Consider an economy in which various types of labor are used to produce consumption, but not all types of labor are useful for upgrading the stock of organization capital—that is, for replacing old projects with more productive new projects. When news induces consumers to want to save more, low-quality projects are destroyed across all sectors of the economy, even though the economy is set to i...