the aim of this paper is to project extreme precipitation events in an arid and a semiarid station. in order to project climate change based on general circulation models (gcms), we have applied lars-wg[1] downscaling tool. this stochastic weather generator down-scaled the climate of two synoptic stations using hadcm3 model and a2 emission scenario for 2040. we extracted extreme precipitation e...

The basins of the Júcar and Segura rivers, on Mediterranean coast Iberian Peninsula, present a special water problem are particular interest regarding climate change. These very vulnerable to possible scenario decreasing resources. Recent studies historic rainfall since 1955 have indicated an ongoing loss precipitation in their headwaters, especially case river. aim study is perform projections...

BACKGROUND We investigated very long-term bowel function after total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without preoperative short-course radiotherapy (PRT) for rectal cancer, the risk factors for bowel dysfunction, and the association of bowel dysfunction with health-related quality of life (HRQL). PATIENTS AND METHODS In the TME trial (1996-1999), 1530 Dutch patients with rectal cancer were ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scoring system for bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer, on the basis of symptoms and impact on quality of life (QoL). Background: LAR for rectal cancer often results in severe bowel dysfunction (LAR syndrome [LARS]) with incontinence, urgency, and frequent bowel movements. Several studies have inve...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the convergent and discriminative validity and reliability of the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score in an international setting. BACKGROUND The LARS score is a simple self-administered questionnaire measuring bowel dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery. The score is intended to be commonly used in international research and cli...

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Drosophila Wingless (Wg) is the founding member of the Wnt family of secreted proteins. During the wing development, Wg acts as a morphogen whose concentration gradient provides positional cues for wing patterning. The molecular mechanism(s) of Wg gradient formation is not fully understood. Here, we systematically analyzed the roles of glypicans Dally and Dally-like protein (Dlp), the Wg recept...