...................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................

The Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, is an invasive pest of honey bees. Indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa, it has now become established in North America and Australia. It represents a serious threat to European honey bees. Commercially available entomopathogenic agents were screened for their potential to control beetle larvae. Entomopathogenic fungi investigated had minimal impact. The nemat...

Here, we describe a nano-scale surface structure on the rat-tailed maggot, the aquatic larva of the Drone fly Eristalis tenax(L.). Larvae of this syrphid hover fly live in stagnant, anaerobic water-courses that are rich in organic matter. The larvae burrow into fetid slurry and feed on microorganisms which they filter out from the organic material. This environment is rich in bacteria, fungi an...

Tunga penetrans (L.) and T. trimamillata Pampiglione et al. are the unique species of the genus parasiting men. While morphological identification of gravid females is possible, the diagnosis on non-gravid females, males or body fragment is quite difficult, time consuming and often requires taxonomic experience. In this paper we present a protocol for the diagnosis of these species based on the...

For more than 60 years, sporadic cases of massive summer honey bee larvae mortality in colonies located near freshwater systems with abundant riparian vegetation have been reported in Uruguay. This odd phenomenon, known as "River disease" by beekeepers, can lead to colony death by depopulation. The aim of this study was to detect the causes of larvae death. Different experiments and analyses we...

The use of biological agents has been intensified in recent years against eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes as an alternative control method in pasture plant health management, with the concomitant use with antiparasitic drugs still occurring. The aim of this study was to test the in vitro activity of the following antiparasitic drugs: Ivermectin and albendazole against the followin...

Fungal diseases of fish have become increasingly important, over the past 20 years. The traditional ‘‘fungi’’ are comprised members from several different taxonomic kingdoms. An increasing number other environmental fungi being reported diseased fish, further testament to opportunistic nature many fungi. Active fungal agents living in waters cause infections juvenile and adult individuals popul...

Recent studies have shown that entomopathogenic fungi, as endophytes, can beneficial effects on plants, protecting them from defoliating insects. The potential of endophytic association by fungi with the peanut crop has been little explored. In our study, we conducted experiments inoculation seeds through a soil drench method nine strains/species genera Metarhizium , Beauveria and Cordyceps sub...

Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that can find in many habitat likes soil rhizosphere, and insect larvae the field. The purpose of this study was to determine diversity fungi rhizosphere corn Spodeptera frugiperda attacked by Sampling insects infested carried out a cropping Gedung Johor Sub-district, Medan District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Isolation identification were conducted at ...

Copper-based fungicides reliably control various foliar diseases in citrus production, although they are suspected to exacerbate mite problems through various mechanisms. Studies have shown negative effects of various copper formulations on entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, and parasitoids, but few have sought to measure its impact on the biology of predatory insects. We exposed the larvae of ...