Dr. R. Douglas Brubaker, Esq., is Senior Research Fellow at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Oslo, Norway, and is a member of the California Bar Association. He is the author of numerous articles and books in international law of the sea and environmental law with application to the Arctic. Leonard S. Spector, Esq., is Deputy Director of the Monterey Institute of International Studies' Center for...

Globalization and the rules it generates confront legal scholarship with a number of intricate issues. 1 One of these lies at the core of a hypothesis which has been

according to the articles 169 to 179 of the civil judgment enforcement law, the enforcement of the foreign judgment in the iranian law is based on the reciprocal act. but extension of international relations in the world today, above all in the commercial domain, requires that enforcement of foreign judgment be accepted after obtaining its correctness conditions based on res judicata. therefore...

Networks describe various complex natural systems including social systems. Recent studies have shown that these networks share some common properties. While studying complex systems, data collection phase is difficult for social networks compared to other networks such as the WWW, Internet, protein or linguistic networks. Many interesting social networks such as movie actors’ collaboration, sc...

Copyright issues are significant for worldwide information sharing, while mutual understanding about the commonalities and differences among international copyright law articles is difficult due to the diversity of legal knowledge representation. The goal of our research is to propose an appropriate methodology and capture a uniform conceptual model that will provide semantic level representati...

With increasing frequency journal articles are retrieved digitally rather than by obtaining physical printed volumes. This shift to low-cost distribution of research literature has opened up new possibilities for increasing the accessibility and potential readership of published literature. Open Access is a term used to refer to publication of scholarly material without access restrictions, whi...

4.5SH RNA is a 94-nt small RNAwith unknown function. This RNA is known to be present in the mouse, rat, and hamster cells; however, it is not found in human, rabbit, and chicken. In the mouse genome, the 4.5SH RNA gene is a part of a long (4.2 kb) tandem repeat (;800 copies) unit. Here, we found that 4.5SH RNA genes are present only in rodents of six families that comprise the Myodonta clade: M...