implementation of the right of defence in the modern administrative law is very important as widely recognized in the world's important legal systems. the object of this paper is to determine the conditions of this right and then, to compare its situation in european :union: and iran's legal system. the conditions of this right are hearing, access to file and knowledge of the reasons ...

Social condition is commonly the result of circumstances, sometimes of laws, oftener still of these two causes united; but when once established, it may justly be considered as itself the source of almost all the laws, the usages, and the ideas which regulate the conduct of nations: whatever it does not produce, it modifies. If we would become acquainted with the legislation and the manners of ...

This article discusses the results of a literature review that has assessed the impact of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) legislation in 28 countries (27 in Africa and Yemen) where FGM is concentrated. Evidence on the impact of FGM legislation was available on prevalence of FGM; changes in societal attitudes and perceptions of FGM; knowledge and awareness of FGM legislation and consequences, an...

This article examines the role and significance of legislative acts to ensure environmental policy state. On basis scientific legal judgments, following main directions state are substantiated: protection, rational use natural resources ensuring safety population. The author pays special attention definition such concepts as “environmental legislation”, “sources “subject legislation. paper anal...

the existing laws on cultural heritage treasure, significantly limiting the private ownership of treasure, treasure and historical monuments - culture is seen, including article 562 of the penal code to acquire property that any exploration of the historical - cultural prohibited, and committed to prison from six months to three years and sentenced to capture objects artifacts. this question is...

Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR), involving in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and research on embryos have created expectation to many people affected by infertility; at the same time it has generated a surplus of laws and ethical and social debates. Undoubtedly, MAR represents a rather new medical field and constant developments in medicine and new opportunities continue to defy the attempt t...

South Africa has myriad laws that address information security related issues. One such law is the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act of 2002 (ECTA), which is highly regarded internationally. A study, which forms the basis of this paper, found that not all provisions of this legislation that deal with information security are implemented by both the government and information securi...

BACKGROUND This study was performed to gather data on second-hand smoke (SHS) concentrations in a range of public venues following the implementation of partial Smoke-Free Legislation in Malaysia in 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS PM2.5 was measured as a marker of SHS levels in a total of 61 restaurants, entertainment centres, internet cafes and pubs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RESULTS Under the...

OBJECTIVE To prepare a history of the enactment of California Assembly Bill 13 (AB 13), a state law prohibiting smoking in most workplaces passed in 1994, and to discuss its initial impacts. METHODS Data were gathered from open ended interviews with representatives of voluntary health organisations, local government organisations, and principal legislators involved in the process, as well as ...

We examine the relation between venture capital (VC) investments and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity around the world. We find evidence of a strong positive association between VC investments and lagged M&A activity, consistent with the hypothesis that an active M&A market provides viable exit opportunities for VC companies and therefore incentivizes them to engage in more deals. We als...