business of goods is one of the necessities of social life. man has produced the money to facilitate the business, which simultaneously with the development of social and economic life has taken different forms. intrinsic value of some money and relative value of the other and the role of the inflation in decrease in value of money cause the different religious commandments. that is why, for co...

BACKGROUND State-based laws for reporting of health care-associated infections (HAI) have developed and changed dramatically in recent years, affecting the costs of reporting and impact on infection rates. It is necessary for practitioners of infection control to understand these changing legal frameworks and their application to practice. METHODS Employing systematic state-based research, th...

IMPORTANCE In 2009, Washington State enacted legislation outlining the medical care of children and adolescents with concussion (ie, the Lystedt Law), with all other states and Washington, DC passing legislation by January 2014. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of concussion laws on health care utilization rates from January 1, 2006, through June 30, 2012, in states with and without legislati...

Genetic-specific nondiscrimination laws have been enacted in most states, but the laws are ineffective and increase the stigma of genetic conditions. Whether these laws are better than no new legislation depends on their consequences and a recognition of their limitations.

OBJECTIVE To review existing regulations and policies utilised by countries to enable patient access to orphan drugs. METHODS A review of the literature (1998 to 2014) was performed to identify relevant, peer-reviewed articles. Using content analysis, we synthesised regulations and policies for access to orphan drugs by type and by country. RESULTS Fifty seven articles and 35 countries were...

Health information exchanges (HIEs) are expected to facilitate data sharing between healthcare entities, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of care. Privacy concerns have been consistently cited as one of the primary challenges to HIE formation and success. Currently, it is unclear how privacy laws - in particular, legislation restricting the disclosure of health records - have shaped...

PROBLEM/CONDITION State laws on smoke-free indoor air, youth access to tobacco products, advertising of tobacco products, and excise taxes on tobacco products are summarized. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED Legislation effective through June 30, 1995. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM CDC and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) identified state laws addressing tobacco control by using LEXIS, which is an on-li...